ppt 1.1.1

• CROP SCIENCE It is concerned with the observation and classification of knowledge concerning economically cultivated crops and establishment of verifiable principles regarding their growth and development for the purpose of deriving the optimum benefit from them.
• Agronomy , Deals with the principles and practices of managing field crops Plants that are grown under extensive or large-scale culture
• Sexual - Plants that develop from seed or spore after undergoing union of male and female gametes
• Asexual - Plants which reproduce by any vegetative mean without the union of male and female gamete
• Naturally self-pollinated crops - Both pollen and embryo sac are produced in the same floral structure or in different flowers but within the same plant• Ex. Rice, Okra, Tomato
• Naturally cross-pollinated crops - Pollen are transfer in these plants from anther of one flower to the stigma of another flowerEx. Avocado, Mango
• Both self and cross pollinated crops - Largely self- pollinated but varying amounts of cross-pollinationEx. Cotton, Sorghum
• Annuals - Plant that live within a short period of time. Ex. Rice, Corn
• Biennial - Requires two growing season to complete its life cycle, first is vegetative growth and second for production of reproductive parts
• Perennial - Plant that lives indefinitely including all trees and shrubs
• Herbs - Succulent plants with self- supporting stems TomatoEx. Banana,
• Vines - Herbaceous climbing or twining plants without self-supportingstems Ex. Bitter Gourd, Cucumber
• Lianas - Woody climbing or twining plants which depend on other plants for vertical support to climbEx. Grape, Passion fruit
• Shrubs - Small tree-like plants, less than 5m in height but by other authoritiesit is restricted to small, erect, woody plants which produce several trunks from the base
• Evergreen - Plants that maintain their leaves throughout the year Ex. Banana, Pines
• Deciduous - Plants that naturally shed off or lose leaves annually forextended periods
• Aquatic, Hydrophyte or Hydrophytic Plant - Plant adapted to growing in water or waterlogged soil.
• Epiphyte or Epiphytic Plant - Plant that grows aboveground on another plant but not parasitic, obtaining nourishment from air.Ex. Ferns
• Halophyte or Halophytic Plant - Plants that is able to grow in habitats excessively rich in salts or under saline conditions.Ex. Mangroves
• Lithophyte or Lithophytic Plant - Plants adapted to grow on rocks or in rocky terrain with little humus and absorb nutrients from air
• Mesophyte or Mesophytic Plant-Plants adapted to moderate conditions for growthnot too dry or too wet. ExCorn
• Parasite or Parasitic Plant-Plants which grows on anotherplantfrom which it takespartorall nourishment. Ex Rafflesia
• Saprophyte or Saprophytic Plant-Groups that growsondecaying organicmatterand hasno greentissue. ExMushroom
• Sciophytes or Sciophytic Plants-Plants adapted to low lightintensity orshade. ExCacao, Coffee
• Terrestrialor Land Plant-Plants that growon land, rootinginthe soil. ExMost of agricultural crops
• Xerophyte, Xerophyticor XericPlants-Plants adaptedtoconditions with little or no water. ExCactus
• Food Crops - Plants grown primarily for the harvesting or any part which is used by man as food or processed into food products
• Non-Food Crops - Plants grown for the production of non-food products such as fiber, alcohol, industrial oil and rubber
• Staple Crops - Plants grown for harvesting of parts which are used as staple food, which is consumed regularly
• Cereal or Grain Crops - Annual herbaceous plants belonging to grass family Gramineae (Poaceae) Grains are harvested mature and utilized primarily as staple or feed or processed into carbohydrate-rich products
• Legume Seed Crops or Pulses - Leguminous plants which produce edible, protein rich seeds. Plants that are capable of fixing nitrogen from the air through symbiotic relation with Rhizobium bacteria
• Root and Tuber Crops or Tuberous Crops - Plants with modified, swollen root or underground stem
• Tuberous roots - are modified roots, a thickened secondary root Ex. Cassave, sweet potato
• Fleshy roots are modified stem, usually enlarged primary roots Ex. Raddish
• Tuber are modified stem, enlarged tip of an underground stem with leaves reduced to scales or scars Ex. White Potato Tubercle are aerial tuber
• Corm are modified stem, underground stem usually flattened from top to bottom with numerous roots Ex. Gabi
• Oil Seed Crops - Plants grown for their seed which is rich source of edible and industrial oil, Ex. Coconut
• Sugar and Sweetener Crops - Plants grown primarily for production of sugar or other sweet-tasting product Ex. Sugar
• Beverage Crops - Plants which are sources of various drinks including fruit juices, tea, wines, coffee, beer
• Rubber Crops - Plants grown for production of latex which is processed int the industrial product called rubber Ex. Rubber Tree