W5-8

• Globalization


  The speedup of movements and exchanges of citizenry, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices, everywhere in the world
• One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe
• Globalization aims to standardized income distribution through its economic integration schemes
• Globalization has advantages and drawbacks
• Globalization


  The emergence of an international network, belonging to an economic and social system
• The earliest known use of the term "globalization" in a publication entitled "Towards New Education"


  1930
• Globalization


  The understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole
• Globalization


  All those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society
• Globalization can be linked to the local, the national and the regional
• Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations
• Globalization is a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology
• Globalization has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being on societies around the world
• For many developing nations, globalization has led to an improvement in standard of living through improved roads and transportation, improved health care, and improved education due to the global expansion of corporations
• Globalization has had a negative effect on individuals who live in developed nations
• Migration


  A movement to another place, often of a large group of people
• Labor


  Work, especially hard physical work
• People are more willing to move between different countries today in search for work
• Remittances now play a large role in transfers from developed countries to developing countries
• Examples of Globalization


  • Economic globalization
  • Financial globalization
  • Cultural globalization
  • Political globalization
  • Sociological globalization
  • Technological globalization
  • Geographic globalization
  • Ecological globalization
• Economic globalization


  The development of trade systems within transnational actors such as corporations or NGOs, and the increase in economic integration and interdependence of national, regional, and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross boarder movement of goods, services, technologies and capital
• Financial globalization


  The rise of a global financial system with international financial exchanges and monetary exchanges
• Cultural globalization


  The interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence, means nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing their unique culture to a unique, and globalized supra-culture
• Political globalization


  The development and growing influence of international organizations such WHO which means governmental action takes place at an international level
• Sociological globalization


  Information moves almost in real-time, together with the interconnection and interdependence of events and their consequences
• Technological globalization


  The phenomenon by which millions of people are interconnected thanks to the power of the digital world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or Youtube, and the spread of technology across borders
• Geographic globalization


  The new organization and hierarchy of different regions of the world that is constantly changing, and the set of processes (economic, social, cultural, technological, and institutional) that contributes to the relationship between societies and individuals around the world
• Ecological globalization


  Considering planet Earth as a single global entity – a common good all societies should protect since the weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere, and the constant exchange of materials through the movement of air, water, and animals
• Positive effects of globalization

  • Creates opportunities for countries to connect to other markets
  • Leads to more access to capital flows, technology, human capital, cheaper imports and larger export markets
  • Allows businesses to become part of international production networks and supply chains
  • Allows workers to migrate to find work
  • Introduces technologies to make products more efficiently
• Negative effects of globalization

  • Worsens income inequalities between developed, developing and underdeveloped countries
  • Global commerce is increasingly dominated by transnational corporations seeking to maximize profits without regard for development needs
  • Competitions among developing countries dangerously lower environmental standards
  • Separates parents and children for long periods
  • Developing countries lack strict environmental protection rules leading to pollution
• The birth of globalization brought the nations to the maximum heights of fast change and development
• Social-cultural issues of globalization

  • Global health crises
  • Growing worldwide inequality
  • Managing difference among multicultural countries affecting education
  • Global changes in culture
• Economic issues of globalization

  • Competing regions and nations
  • Increased migration
  • Economic exclusions
  • Greater competitive pressure on domestic firms
• Political issues of globalization

  • Rise of new powers
  • Marginalization
  • Constraint on national/state policy making
  • Growing internationalization of global conflict, crime, terrorism, and environmental issues
• Challenges of globalization


  • International recruiting
  • Loss of cultural identity
  • Managing employee migration
  • Global expansion difficulties
  • Incurring tariffs and export fees
  • Immigration and migration
  • Foreign worker exploitation and local job loss
• Globalization made people more liberal, open, dynamic, innovative and mature with the exchange of ideas and practices between people of the world
• Global networks


  • Development of the WWW through the internet
  • Networks of individuals, communities and organizations that operates globally
  • Use of cyberspace and other technological innovation that gave rise to global village
• Globalization leads to interconnectedness of people and nations, where people refer to a group with commonality and nation refers to a larger group with an independent government
• Factors that gave rise to globalization

  • Advancement in education
  • Advancement in science and technology
  • Social and political liberation
• Free market economy and unified international economies through universal and inter-financial institutions, global policies and international trading agreements, e.g. BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing Companies)
• Cooperation


  Two people carrying their own "similar" baskets to a common destination for mutually beneficial individual gain, increasing impact, volume and leverage