Digestive System (Diseases and Disorders)

• Dental caries is also called tooth decay
• Dental caries are caused by Streptococcus mutans
• Streptococcus mutans consumes glucose
• Glucan is dental plaque formation
• Lactic acid is tooth enamel breakdown
• Periodontal diseases is described as bleeding and sensitive gums and bad breath
• Periodontal diseases may cause tooth discoloration or tooth loosening
• Periodontal diseases are caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis
• Porphyromonas gingivalis releases enzymes that causes weakening of gingival tissues (gums and surrounding tissues)
• Periodontal diseases includes Gingivitis and Periodontitis
• Gingivitis is the inflammation of gums
• Periodontitis is the inflammation of the tissue around the roots of the teeth
• Trench mouth is also called Vincent's disease
• Trench mouth is also called Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)
• Trench mouth causes tissue necrosis and pyorrhea
• Trench mouth is caused by Treponema sp. and Fusobacterium sp.
• Treponema sp. and Fusobacterium sp. are spirochetes
• Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and Trench mouth may cause bacterial endocarditis
• Bacterial endocarditis is where the heart valves are weakened because of bacteremia
• Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach
• Gastritis may persist for years or life
• Gastritis can develop peptic or duodenal ulcers
• Gastritis are caused by Helicobacter pylori
• Cholera is also called Acute Intestinal Infection
• Cholera is a food and waterbone infection and has a fecal-oral route.
• Cholera is also described as "Rice-water stool"
• Cholera if untreated, can cause death in 48 hours.
• Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholera, which are usually present in feces and lives in them
• Dysentery is also known as Shigellosis
• Dysentery is caused by Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei
• Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei all release shia toxin, which can cause breakdown of intestinal lining
• Dysentery is also fecal-oral route. Its symptoms include fever, inflammation of the gut wall, profuse diarrhea with blood and mucus, and is fatal in infants
• Traveler's diarrhea is characterized as severe diarrhea illness in the stomach and small intestine
• Traveler's diarrhea is caused by Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Shigella, and Salmonella
• Traveler's diarrhea is caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli or ETEC
• Traveler's diarrhea symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and bloating
• Salmonellosis is caused by Salmonella enteritidis
• Salmonellosis symptoms include within 12-72 hours, nausea, vomitting, fever, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. In 4-7 days illness ranges from mild to severe, but most people recover without treatment
• Salmonellosis treatment includes oral or injected antibiotics, usually for 2 weeks
• Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever