Unit VIII Part I - Clinical Psychology

• generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
• DSM-5 is the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
• panic disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minuteslong episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack.
• phobia is an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
• agoraphobia is a fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic.
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.
• posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
• major depressive disorder is a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
• bipolar disorder is a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)
• rumination is a compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes.
• delusion is a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
• hallucination is a false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
• dissociative disorders are rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
• anorexia nervosaan is an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.
• bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
• binge-eating disorder is significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa.
• schizophreniaa disorder is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.