logical fallacies

• A logical fallacy is an argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually flawed.
• Logical fallacies are leaps of logic that lead us to an unsupported conclusion
• occurs when there is an error in the content of an argument?

  informal logical fallacy
• occurs when there is an error in the logical structure of an argument?

  formal logical fallacy
• Formal fallacies occur because of errors in the way arguments are structured, while informal fallacies occur because of flaws in the content of an argument.
• star criteria:

  S - sufficient

  T - typical

  A - accurate

  R - relevant
• means persuading by the use of reasoning; giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough?

  logos
• "i did this that's why it happened". is an example of what type of logical fallacy?

  post hoc
• This fallacy proposes a conclusion for all instances of the premise, even though there are most likely to be exceptions, "what you think of one, you think of all"?

  dicto simpliciter
• Exaggerates the consequence of an event?

  slippery slope
• In this fallacy, the premise and conclusion are used to support each other in a never ending circle of x because y, and y because x ?

  circular argument
• when an opponent attacks an exaggerated version of your argument rather than your actual argument?

  strawman
• This fallacy attempts to prove an idea/event on the grounds that it has yet to be proven false?

  argument to ignorance
• this fallacy attempts to prove that an idea/event is false on the grounds that all arguments made so far for the idea have failed?

  argument to logic
• means convincing through the character of the author; We tend to believe people whom we respect (emotions, feelings, imagination)?

  pathos
• appeals for the readers' pity for his/her deplorable situation?

  argument to pity
• Uses threat or force for the people to believe in an idea?

  argument by force
• Continuing to believe in a practice or belief simply because it has been part of the culture for a long time?

  appeal to traditional wisdom
• Being convinced in doing the same thing most people do simply because it has been done for a long time?

  appeal to common practice
• Evading the issue by diverting the attention of the reader to another issue or topic?

  red herring