PERDEV

• “Personality” is derived from the Latin word “persona” meaning “a mask”.
• Personality refers to the individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving
• The term Self-Concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves.
• The self encompasses one's body, feelings, emotions, thoughts, values and relationships.
• The self is a unique personal identity made up of one's experiences, beliefs, convictions, as well as one's longings, dreams, life's purpose and meaning.
• The Existential Self - This is 'the most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept; the sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self' 
• The Categorical Self- The child becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world. Just as other objects including people have properties that can be experienced (big, small, red, smooth and so on).
• A renowned psychologist, Carl Rogers (1959), believes that the self- concept has three different components:

  (self-image)(self-esteem or self- worth)

  (ideal-self)
• “Self-image is how you

  perceive yourself. It is a number of self- impressions that have built up over time.
• Kuhn (1960) investigated the self-image by using The Twenty Statements Test. 
• He found that the responses could be divided into two major groups. These were social roles (external or objective aspects of oneself such as son, teacher, and friend) and personality traits (internal or affective aspects of oneself such as gregarious, impatient, and humorous).
• Self-esteem (also known as self-worth) refers to the extent to which we like, accept or approve of ourselves, or how much we value ourselves.
• Self-esteem always involves a degree of evaluation and we may have either a positive or a negative view of ourselves.
• High self-esteem (we have a positive view of ourselve
• Low self-esteem (we have a negative view of ourselves)
• Congruence

  when a person's ideal self is consistent to their actual experiences
• Incongruence

  when a person's ideal self is not consistent with what happens in their life
• Self-image

  The way we see ourselve
• Self-esteem

  The value we put on ourselves
• Ideal-self

  The way we would like to be
• Gordon Allport (1990) defines personality as a“pattern of habits, attitudes, traits that determine an individual’s characteristics, behaviors, and traits.
• Habit

  reactions so often repeated as to become fixed characteristics or tendencies
• Physical Traits

  include facial appearance, height, weight, physical defects, complexion, strength and health.
• Mental Traits

  include our ability to control the mind
• Emotional Traits

  Give an individual the capacity to face different situations in life and still maintain his/her composure.
• Social Traits

  give an individual the ability to get along with others
• Moral and religious traits

  standards for a person’s actions and behaviors.
• Attitudes -

  certain ways of viewing things gained from the environment, changed by the working mind and imagination
• The word “Holistic” is derived from the Gk.

  Word “Holos” which simply means “Whole”.
• holism is “to

  emphasize the importance of the whole

  while realizing that the parts are

  dependent to each other”.
• Adolescence is generally referred to

  as the teenage years, which starts at

  about the age of twelve and ends at

  the age of twenty-one
• Puberty

  refers to the physical changes that a

  child experiences as sexual maturity

  is reached
• Luteinizing hormone – controls the menstrual cycle (normal ph)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone – essential to the function of women’s

  ovaries and men’s testes.
• Cognitive development refers to the

  progression of one’s ability to think

  and reason out. The growth of one’s

  mental abilities affects how one

  makes decisions, remembers details

  and solves problems.
• According to

  Jean Piaget, Swiss biologist and

  psychologist, there are four main

  stages of cognitive development

  from birth to adolescence
• Critical thinking – is the ability to analyze things and determine

  the essentials from the non-essentials.
• Psychological development

  refers to how thinking, feeling and

  behaving interact and happen in a

  person. 
• According to Sigmund

  Freud, this is how we go

  through the five different

  stages of development.
• Erogenous Zone– areas

  of the body that needs

  stimulation.