Elizabeth

• Circumnavigation

  the action of travelling all the way around something
• Voyages


  a long journey involving travelling by sea
• Slave Trade


  the transporting and selling of humans as slaves
• Who were the Hawkins family?

  merchants, seafarers, pirates
• Drake was...

  an able sailor, working on ships operated by his cousin
• Who was Drake's cousin?

  John Hawkins
• What did Hawkins do?

  sailed to the Bay of Biscay and the West African coast
• What did Hawkins realise?

  how much money could be made from the enslavement of Africans
• In 1562 what did Hawkins do?


  sailed to Sierra Leone and stole 300 people which he exchanged in the Caribbean for cargoes of leather, sugar, ginger and pearls
• Between 1562- 1567 Hawkins made 3 voyages to where?


  Guinea and Sierra Leone
• How many slaves did Hawkins enslave between 1562- 1567?

  1200-1400 Africans
• What instructions did Queen Elizabeth give to Hawkins?

  to obtain a cargo of captured Africans and sell them in the Caribbean
• After selling and trading with Spanish colonies, what did Hawkin's fleet suffer?


  terrible damage in a storm
• How many English ships survived after being attacked by Spanish warships?

  2- Drake's and Hawkin's
• Drake and Hawkins experience at San Juan de Ulua created...

  a fierce hatred of the Spanish and a desire for revenge
• Why was Spain a global superpower by mid-late 16th century?

  -first to explore new areas

  -advanced weapons

  -brought illnesses to the Americans causing deaths
• Why were not all pirates poor?

  wealthy merchants gave them money to take money from ships
• Why did Drake stop planning to attack Spanish ships in the Caribbean?

  Spanish ships were too well defended

  he went the dangerous way to the West Coast of South America as it had less people defending and just as many goods
• When did Drake set off on his voyage from Plymouth?

  15th of November 1577
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: Conquest of new land and trade

  • 1570- new areas of trade opened in South America
  • resources, wealth
  • South America was less dangerous- undefended Spanish colonies
  • however the voyage is more risky
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: Encouraged by Elizabeth

  • gave Hawkins 2 ships in 1568 to capture enslaved Africans for trade
  • Queen financed an expedition to the Americas after Drake returned in 1573 with gold and silver
  • secretly invested Drake's voyage in 1577
  • piracy was immoral
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: Acquisition of wealth

  • Portugal and Spain wealthy from slave trade
  • Hawkins made money from slave trade and raiding Spanish ships
  • 1572- Drake led first expedition to Americas, got gold and silver
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: Finding the Strait of Anian

  • he was convinced there was a Northwest sea passage linking Atlantic and Pacific
  • 1576- an English sailor claimed to have found
  • this passage would speed up time taken for travel
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: The influence of Hawkins

  • Drake lived with Hawkins who were pirates and merchants
  • Hawkins took Drake on slave trading missions
  • Drake captained his boat (the Judith) in Hawkins 1568 mission
  • Hawkins made much money through African slave trade
  • Hawkins fleet attacked by Spanish- wanted revenge
• Motivation for Drake's circumnavigation: Revenge on the Spanish

  • 1568- San Juan de Ulua Spanish broke a truce and attacked Hawkins fleet
  • sunk 5 boats
  • 1572- Drake raided ships leaving Spanish port
  • Spanish shipping was vulnerable in South America