Reproduction /sexual reproduction

• Spermatogenesis

  Process of producing offspring that are biologically or genetically similar to the parent organism
• Asexual reproduction

  Reproduction in which a single organism gives rise to a new individual
• Binary fission

  1. One parent cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells

  2. Happens in bacteria, amoeba and algae
• Budding

  1. Parent produces a bud

  2. Bud gets detached and develops into offspring which is identical to parent

  3. Happens in yeast, hydra, corals
• Spore formation

  1. Happens in fungi, green algae, moulds, ferns, non-flowering plants

  2. Each spore develops into an offspring identical to the parent
• Regeneration

  A piece of the parent is detached and can grow and develop into a completely new individual
• Fragmentation

  Organism breaks down into fragments (pieces) and each fragment grows into a new organism
• Parthenogenesis

  1. Development of an egg that has not been fertilized into an individual

  2. Happens in animals like most wasps, bees and ants
• Vegetative reproduction

  1. Production of new plants (natural and artificial)

  2. Natural: tubers, rhizomes (also known as stolons), plantlets, bulbs, runners

  3. Artificial: grafting, cutting, simple layering, mound layering, tissue culture
• Sexual reproduction

  • Involves two parents (male and female) to produce new individuals
  • Involves two gametes (sperm and egg) that unite in the process of fertilization
• External fertilization

  The egg and sperm unite outside the body
• Internal fertilization

  The egg and sperm unite inside the body
• Oviparous organism

  Organism that lays eggs that continue to develop after being laid, then hatch later
• Viviparous organism

  Organism that develops their young in the reproductive tract
• Pollination

  Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower
• Self-pollination

  Pollen grains and pistil are in the same plant or same flower