Sports Psychology

• Name the characteristics of a skilful performer (FACEP)

  Fluency, Aesthetic, Co-ordinated, Efficiency, Pre-determined
• Define fluency

  Flowing and smooth movements. (E.g Tennis serve)
• Define aesthetic

  Action looks good, using correct technique. (E.g a rugby conversion)
• Define co-ordinated

  Moving more than one limb at a time exactly where and when you want to with accuracy and fluency. (E.g tennis serve)
• Define efficiency

  No wasted energy and movement seems effortles. (E.g butterfly in swimming)
• Define motor skill

  A learnt movement response
• Name the type of SMART Targets

  Specific, measurable, achievable, recorded, timed
• Define Specific

  A clear focused goal (a target to achieve)
• Define measurable

  Monitoring and accountable through evaluation.
• Define achievable

  Within capabilities and realistic
• Define recorded

  Monitoring your goal
• What is an outcome goal

  Directly related with result, whether you win or lose. Tend to be medium/long term. (E.g to get to the finals in a rugby tournament)
• What is a performance goal

  Directly related to the performance or technical of activity. Tend to be short term. (E.g improving your passing in football)
• What is the environmental continuum

  Open and closed skills
• Define skilful movement

  When a pre-determined objective is accomplished with maximum efficiency with a minimum outlay of energy.
• Define pre-determined

  The performer knows what they want to achieve before they start. (E.g a penalty taker knows where they want to shoot before taking th penalty in football)
• Define open skills

  Unpredictable. The environment of the performance is unpredictable so movements must be adapted. (E.g football or rugby)
• Define closed skills

  Skills that you are in charge of and have a clear beginning and end
• What is the difficulty continuum

  Simple and complex skills
• Define a simple skill

  Requires little concentration and is very straightforward. (e.g a sprint start)
• Define a complex skill

  Complicated and requires a high attention span and many decisions. (E.g a scrummage in rugby)
• Define perceptual skill

  how we see our surroundings/interpreting a stimuli
• Define cognitive skill

  Thinking skills
• Why is mental preparation used

  Lowers anxiety
• What is cognitive anxiety

  Ways of coping that affect the mind - control anxiety
• what is somatic anxiety

  Ways of coping that directly affect the body
• Name the 4 types of mental preparation (PIMS)

  Positive thinking, imagery, mental rehearsal, selective attention
• What is selective attention

  Concentrating on only the relevant information and ignoring the irrelevant
• Define kinaesthetic

  The feel of the movement
• Name the 4 types of guidance

  Visual, Verbal, Manual guidance, mechanical guidance
• What is visual guidance

  Pictures and videos that create a mental image of what an action should look like
• What is verbal guidance

  Explaining/giving feedback
• What is Manual guidance

  Giving physical support/moving your body through the movement. (Gains the ‘feel’ of the movement)
• Define mechanical guidance

  Using equipment to support and guide a movement
• What is feedback

  Can be given during the performance of a motor skill, after competition or even during it
• How can feedback affect the performance?

  Motivates the performer

  Improves performance

  Reinforces learning
• Name the 6 types of feedback

  Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Positive, Negative, Knowledge of results, knowledge of performance
• Define intrinsic feedback

  Feedback received from within. (E.g hitting the ’sweet spot’ on the rugby ball when kicking it)
• Define extrinsic feedback

  Feedback received from outside through vision or hearing. (E.g a coach shouting feedback)
• Define positive feedback

  Information about successful aspects of performance. (E.g winning a game)