Philosophy

• Philosophy


  comes from the Greek words "PHILOS" means LOVE and "SOPHIA" means WISDOM.
• SENSE OF WONDER 


  was the first explained by the Greek Philosopher PLATO
• Sense of Doubt


  • was first traced by the 15th-century French philosopher Rene Descartes.
  • He was notable for refusing or questioning established ideas.
• Sense of Experience

  • was first recommended by the 20th-century Swiss-German philosopher
  • Karl Jaspers.
• Karl Jaspers


  • He believed that man is often confronted by experience which challenges his ideas and frameworks
• Love of Wisdom

  • first done by the ancient Greek Philosophers, and most especially the foremost philosopher, SOCRATES.
  • Acquiring knowledge, but it needs to question, clarify, prove and to discuss toward reaching the peak.
• SOCRATES


  • "The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living."
• 3 characteristic of Philosophy

  1. analysis of frameworks
  2. an examination of knowledge
  3. as a discipline.
• A framework 


  defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
• As an examination of knowledge


  This ways deals with questioning and examining the established ideas and concepts that needed to prove the correctness and truthfulness
• Through Philosophy


  a person maybe able to understand that not all the established ideas and knowledge are correct.
• Philosophy 


  DISTINCT AREA OF KNOWLEDGE with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.
• Aesthetic

  deals with beauty and what makes things beautiful.
• Logic


  deals with correct reasoning;
• Epistemology


  discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing
• Ethics


  refers to moral questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.
• Metaphysics 


  deals with questions regarding reality and existence.
• Correspondence theories of truth 


  a belief is true if and only if it corresponds with something that exist in this world.
• Coherence theories of truth 


  a belief is true if it coheres with a body of other statements that we take to be true.
• Pragmatic theories of truth 


  truth is what useful to believe and has practical value in our lives.

  It is something that truth is what works.
• Truth


  related to science because it is the field that delivers knowledge about the natural world
• Objective Truth


  the point to descriptions of “states of Affairs” which remain true regardless of who is viewing them.
• Social domain

  • truth is analogous with a general agreement or consensus on what is right as opposed to what is wrong.
  • Truth is tested against their acceptability to a particular group in a particular time in history.
• Personal domain

  • where truth is analogous with sincerity.
  • Truths are tested against the consistency and authenticity of the person who claims it.
• Objective domain

  • is a scientific truth that pertains to the natural world that maintains a relative independence from the perspective and attitude of human beings that perceive them.
  • Truths are tested against empirical evidence.
• Richard Rorty 


  offers a simple way of defining truth it can be understood as what has passed “procedures of justification,”
• Justification


  the process of proving the truth or validity of a statement.
• Opinions

  • statements of judgement that need further justification
  • a statement of judgement of a person about something in the world.
• Argument


  a group of statements that serve to support a conclusion.
• Fallacies


  a group of statements that appear to be arguments but

  fail to support the conclusion.
• Argumentum ad Hominem

  rejected because of the person’s personal background his/her history, nationality, race, socio-economic status, family, associations religion and other circumstances.
• Argumentum ad Baculum 


  issuing threats to their opponents.
• Argumentum ad Misericordiam

  • also called an appeal to emotion.
  • manipulating their emotions.
• Argumentum ad Populum 


  favorite marketing strategy by advertising agencies
• Deductive arguments 


  offered to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion.
• Non - Deductive arguments 


  offered to provide probable support for its conclusion but not conclusive.
• Premises


  a true or false statement that helps form the body of an argument, which logically leads to a true or false conclusion.
• Valid Argument


  argument whose premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
• Sound Argument


  valid deductive argument whose premises are all true
• Counter example 


  a scenario in which the premises of the argument are true while the conclusion is clearly false