Chapter 4

• Attributes of Today's Global System

  • States that are independent and govern themselves
  • Countries interact with each other through diplomacy
  • International organizations that facilitate these interactions (like the UN)
  • Meetings between states, international organizations also take on lives of their own
• Nation-State


  A country and its government
• Not all states are nations and not all nations are states
• State


  A political unit that has sovereignty over an area of territory and the people within it
• Elements of a State

  • Population
  • Territory
  • Sovereignty
  • Government
• Population


  A community of persons where "Citizens shall enjoy rights and freedom and perform their duties towards the state"
• Territory


  A territorial unit that is fixed, "The whole territory of the State is under the sovereignty or supreme power of the State", can be leased out
• Branches of Government


  • Legislature
  • Executive
  • Judiciary
• Sovereignty


  The most exclusive element, without sovereignty no state can exist, the exclusive and prerogative to exercise supreme power over all its people and territory
• Nation


  An imagined community, bounded with the group of people with a particular culture, speaks the same language, and live in a specific territory
• Most nations strive to become States
• Nation-builders can only feel a sense of fulfillment when that national ideal assumes an organizational form whose authority and power are recognized and accepted by "the people"
• Korea is divided into North and South Korea, the "Chinese nation" may refer to both the People's Republic of China (the mainland) and Taiwan
• Scotland has its own flag and national culture but still belongs to a state called the United Kingdom
• Interstate System


  Set of agreements in 1648 to end the Thirty Years War between the major continental powers of Europe
• Principles of the French Revolution

  • Liberty
  • Equality
  • Fraternity
• Napoleonic Code


  Freedom of Religion and Meritocracy
• The Battle of the Waterloo - Napoleon's defeat ended his mission to spread the liberal code across Europe
• The Concert of Europe

  Alliance of "Great Powers" – the United Kingdom, Austria, and Prussia
• The Metternich or Congress System


  Series of meetings to discuss problems and attempt to resolve issues without violence
• Klemens Von Metternich was the architect of the Vienna Congress of 1814 that initiated the Congress system
• Internationalism


  A system of heightened interaction between various states
• Categories of Internationalism


  • Liberal Internationalism
  • Socialist Internationalism
• Liberal Internationalism


  • Immanuel Kant (German Philosopher) - Global Government
  • Jeremy Bentham (English Philosopher) - International Law
  • Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian Politician) - Republican Government
  • Thomas Woodrow Wilson - Principle of Self-determination & League of Nations
• The League was unable to hinder the breaking out of the war and its intensification
• Sides in World War 2

  • Allied Powers
  • Axis Powers
• Despite the dissolution of the League of Nations, it gave birth to task-specific organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Organization
• The United Nations is a creation and re-assertion of the ideas of Kant, Mazzini, and Woodrow
• Karl Heinrich Marx (German Socialist Philosopher)


  Class Conflict: Capitalist/Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
• Friedrich Engels (German Philosopher)


  Socialist Revolution
• Socialist International


  Union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889
• Vladimir Lenin


  Leader of the Bolshevik Party who overthrew Czar Nicholas II, replaced with a revolutionary government, formed the Union of Socialist Republics (USSR), established the Communist International (Comintern) in 1919
• A problem arose during World War II when the Soviet joined the Allied Powers
• Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin


  Took out the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) during World War 2 to gain the support from the West aka Allies but reinstated it once the war was over