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• Wall footing


  Footing that supports a wall by extending along the entire length of wall
• Isolated footings


  • Supports a single column, post, pier or other concentrated load
• Combined footings


  • Supports two column loads or sometimes three loads not in a row
• Cantilever footings


  • Supports two column loads and consist of two footings connected together by a beam often called strap
• Continuous footings


  • Supports a row of three or more columns
• Raft or mat footing


  • Extends under the entire building area and supports all the wall and column loads from the building
• Trapezoidal footing


  • Carries unequal loads from two columns
• Compression test


  Determines behavior of materials under crushing loads
• Concrete slump test


  Empirical test that measures the workability of fresh concrete, it measures the consistency of the concrete in that specific batch
• Dead load


  All weight in a structure made up of immovable materials
• Framing


  Wood skeleton of a building constructed one level on top of another
• Girder


  Horizontal beam which supports the floor joints
• Heel plate


  Plate at the end of truss
• Hip roof


  Roof with four sloping sides
• Jack rafter


  Short rafter, usually used on hip roofs
• Joist


  Horizontal structure member that supports the floor system or ceiling system
• Lally column


  Steel column used to support girders and beams
• Pier


  Block of concrete supporting the floor of a building
• Plaster


  Decorative column attached to a wall
• Piles


  Long post driven into the soil in swampy locations upon which the foundation footing is laid
• Pillar


  Column used for supporting parts of a structure
• Purlins


  Horizontal structure members which hold rafters together
• Ridge


  Top edge of the roof where rafters meet
• Slab foundation


  Reinforced concrete and foundation floor
• Span


  Distance between structural supports
• Valley


  Internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof
• Valley jacks


  Rafter that runs from a ridge board to a valley rafter
• Valley rafters


  Diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping roofs