The different spatial arrangements that a molecule can adopt due to rotation about single bonds
Enantiomers
Molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other
Diastereomers
Stereoisomers that are not non-superimposable mirror images of each other
Girgnard reagents
insertion of Mg into a C-X bond
Mg donates an electron to the alkyl halide (ET (electron transfer))
forms an alkyl radical + MgX radical
radicals combine - RMgX
reaction carried out in diethyl ether
a source of R-
Banana bond
3-centre-2-electron bond
Each B atom uses sp3 hybrids for bonding. Out of the four sp3 hybrids on each B atom, one is without an electron shown in broken lines. The two bridge bonds are 3-centre-2-electron bonds also known as banana bond.
Pi backbonding
a filled d orbital donates electron density into the sigma antibonding orbital of the electron donor
