DRR

• Disaster


  disruption of the functioning of a community
• Disaster


  a sudden event (accident/natural catastrophe) that cause great damage or loss of life
• a) Exposure

  b) Vulnerability (elderly, PWDs, children, pregnant women)

  c) Coping capacity (insufficient resources)

  BASIC CONCEPTS OF DISASTER
• a) Natural Disaster

  b) Man-made Disaster

  TYPES OF DISASTERS
• Natural Disasters


  these often strike without warning
• earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, droughts, wildfires, storm surges, heatwaves, avalanches

  EXAMPLE OF NATURAL DISASTERS
• Man-made Disasters


  a disaster caused by human reaction
• industrial accidents, transportation accidents, structural collapses, urban fires, oil spills, terrorist attacks, civil unrest, technological failures

  EXAMPLE OF MAN-MADE DISASTERS
• Disaster Risk


  chance or likelihood of sufferingharm and loss because of ahazardous event
• Disaster Risk = Hazard X Exposure X Vulnerability


  What is the formula for Disaster Risk?
• San Fernando


  "catch basin of Pampanga"
• Risk


  probability of harmful consequencesor expected losses resulting from interactions between natural and human induced hazard
• Risk


  combination of probability of an event and its negative consequences (UNISDR, 2009)
• Risk


  anticipated orpotential consequences of a specific hazardinteracting with a specific community at a specific time
• R = chance x loss

  R = possibility x loss


  What is the formula for Risk?
• Hazard


  source or condition that has thepotential or cause harmto humans in the form of injury or illness
• a) Natural

  b) Human-made

  c) Combination/Socionatural


  TYPES OF HAZARDS
• Natural Hazard


  natural phenomenathat pose threats or cause negative impacts
• sinkholes, liquefaction, cold waves, pestilence, avalanche

  example of Natural Hazards
• Human-made Hazard


  - civil conflict

  - displacement due to development projects

  - environmental degradation

  - leakage of toxic wastes

  - oil spill

  - fish kills

  - famines

  - chemical contamination

  - pollution
• Combination/Socionatural Hazard

  most events are combination or interplay of both natural and human-made factor
• flashflood, fire, red tide, drought, desertification, ice jams, smogs, global warming, acid rain, biological attacks

  Example of Socionatural Hazard
• Risk Factors


  influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels ofexposureandvulnerabilityorreducing capacity to cope
• a) Climate Change

  b) Environmental Degradation

  c) Poverty and Inequality

  d) Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development

  e) Weak Governance

  f) Geographical Location

  FACTORS WHICH UNDERLIE DISASTERS
• Climate Change


  alteration of frequency and intensity of hazard events
• Environmental Degradation


  diminishing natural protective barriers increase likelihood and severity of destructive events

  
  

  deforestation -> landslide, loss of mangroves -> stormsurge
• Poverty and Inequality


  limited access to basic needs make marginalized communities more vulnerable to the impacts of hazards
• Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development


  contributing to environmental degradation, overcrowding, and inadequate infrastructure
• Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development


  population density increases, then population area increases
• Weak Governance


  hindering effective disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts, asinadequate accountability mechanismsandinstitutional failuresimpede timely decision making, etc.
• Geographical Location


  influences a region's susceptibility to different types of hazards, proximity to geological fault lines or coastlines canheighten disaster risk
• Palawan


  does not experience seismic activitydue to its distance from tectonic plate boundaries
• a) Hazard

  b) Exposure

  c) Vulnerability


  3 ELEMENTS OF DISASTERS
• Exposure


  elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard even
• Vulnerability


  condition/statedetermined byphysical, social, economic, and environmental factors, whichincrease the susceptibilityof a community
• Hazard


  potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon, human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, etc.
• a) Severity of Exposure

  b) Gender and Family

  c) Age

  d) Economic Status

  CONSIDERATIONS FOR RISK FACTORS
• Severity of Exposure


  - people who experience disasterfirst-handhavehighest riskdevelopingfuture mental problems- followed by thosein contactwith the victims (rescue workers, etc.)
• Gender and Family


  - female gender suffers more adverse effects

  (worsens when children are present at home)

  - marital relationships are placed under strain
• Age


  - 40 - 60 are more stressed after disasters

  - children exhibit more stress after disaster than adults do