sci 3rd quarter

• Reproduction


  Biological process by which new species or organisms are produced, essential for the continuation of species
• Functions of the reproductive system

  • Production of gametes or sex cells (sperm cells and egg cells) and hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estrogen)
  • Transportation of gametes from one organ to another
  • Nourishment seen mostly in female reproductive organ during pregnancy
• Human reproductive system


  Consists of the external and internal sex organs or gonads that work in harmony for the perpetuation of species
• Primary gonads or sex organs


  • Testes for male
  • Ovaries for female
• Spermatocytes


  Sperm cells in male
• Oocytes


  Egg cells in female
• Organs in the male reproductive system

  • Testes or Testicles
  • Scrotum
  • Penis
  • Epididymis
  • Vas Deferens
  • Seminal Vesicles
  • Prostate Gland
  • Bulbourethral Gland
• Testes or Testicles


  • Recognized as male gonads / sex organs, responsible for the production of sperm cell and testosterone
  • Seminiferous Tubules - specific site of sperm production
• Scrotum


  Skinny pouch that houses the testes and numerous amount of nerves and blood vessels, acts as temperature regulation for the testes
• Penis


  Male copulatory organ that delivers semen into the vagina, holds the urethra
• Epididymis


  Where sperm cells are temporarily stored
• Vas Deferens


  Muscular tube that transports the mature sperm cells from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
• Vasectomy


  A surgical procedure in which vas deferens are cut in order to prevent the transfer of sperm cells
• Other organs in the male reproductive system

  • Seminal Vesicles
  • Prostate Gland
  • Bulbourethral Gland
• Seminal Vesicles


  Produces carbohydrates which provides sperm cells with energy
• Prostate Gland


  Located at the base of the urinary bladder, secretes a milky white acidic fluid, contributes as additional fluid to the semen
• Bulbourethral Gland


  Located on each lateral side of the membranous urethra, add alkaline mucus to the semen that neutralizes the acidity of the urethra and lubricates the end of the penis
• Gametes or sex cells

  • Egg Cells - female reproductive system
  • Sperm Cells - male reproductive system
• Hormones


  • Progesterone and Estrogen - female
  • Testosterone - male
• Gonads or sex organs

  • Ovaries - female reproductive system
  • Testes or Testicles - male reproductive system
• Anatomy


  Science of body structures
• Physiology


  Science of body function
• Functions of the female reproductive system

  • Production of female gametes and gonads
  • Menstruation
  • Site of fertilization, implantation, embryonic development
• Organs in the female reproductive system

  • Ovaries
  • Uterus
  • Fallopian Tube
  • Vagina
• Ovaries


  Recognized as female gonads / sex organs, responsible for the production of egg cell, estrogen, and progesterone
• Ovulation


  At the onset of puberty, the ovary releases a mature egg cell every month
• Uterus


  A.K.A Womb, pearl-shaped organ that is home to developing fetus, composed of extremely elastic muscles that allows to expand during pregnancy
• Parts of the uterus

  • Cervix - inferior narrow portion of the uterus and opens to the vagina
  • Corpus - main body of the uterus which expands during pregnancy
• Fallopian Tube


  Site of fertilization, place where sperm and egg cell unites
• Vagina


  A.K.A birth canal, female copulatory organ
• Hymen


  Thin tissue membrane present at the opening of the female copulatory organ
• Other organs in the female reproductive system

  • Labia
  • Clitoris
  • Vulva
• Parts of the labia

  • Labia Majora - larger and thicker fold of skin
  • Labia Minora - smaller and thinner fold of skin
• Vulva


  External genitalia of the female, consists of mons pubis, labia, and vestibular glands
• Endocrine system


  Composed of different glands which secretes hormones, that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, mood, and reproduction
• Hormones


  Organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream, chemical messengers of the body, important to maintain homeostasis
• Hypothalamus


  Small organ at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland
• Pituitary Gland


  Considered as the master gland
• Types of pituitary gland

  • Anterior - front lobe
  • Posterior - back lobe
• Hormones involved in the male reproductive system

  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - sperm cell production in testis
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - synthesize testosterone and support sperm cell production in testis
  • Testosterone - responsible for secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behavior