science

Subdecks (2)

Cards (101)

  • All substances are made of tiny particles called "ATOM"
  • Electrons
    Negatively charge subatomic particles
  • Electrons
    • J. J. Thomson was the first person to accurately calculate the mass and the charge of an electron
  • Protons
    Positively charge subatomic particles
  • Protons
    • Discovery of protons is credited to Earnest Rutherford
  • Neutrons
    Neutrally charged subatomic particles
  • Neutrons
    • Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932
  • Quantum Mechanical Model
    Louie de Broglie (1924) proposed that the electron could also be thought of as a wave
  • Quantum Mechanical Model
    Erwin Schrodinger used the wave idea to develop a mathematical equation to describe the hydrogen atom
  • Quantum Mechanical Model
    Werner Karl Heisenberg discovered that for a very small particle like the electron, its location cannot be exactly known and how it is moving
  • Uncertainty Principle
    It is impossible to locate the exact position of an electron at any given time (too small, too fast)
  • Atomic orbital
    The volume or region of space around the nucleus where the electron is most likely to be found
  • Electron Orbit Model

    Electrons were thought to orbit around the nucleus in defined paths
  • Electron Cloud Model
    Discovered that electrons move in waves in a defined space called an electron cloud
  • Quantum Numbers
    • Principal quantum number
    • Angular momentum quantum number
    • Magnetic Quantum Number
  • Electron Configuration
    The electron configuration of a certain element consists of three Quantum Numbers
  • Octet Rule | Valence Electron | Lewis Dot Structure (LDS)
  • Chemical Bonding
    Chemical bonding refers to the formation of a chemical bond between two or more atoms, molecules, or ions to give rise to a chemical compound
  • Ionic Bonding
    Formed between Metal and a Nonmetal
  • Covalent Bonding
    Bonding is common between two nonmetals
  • Ions
    Uneven numbers of protons and electrons which results in an overall positive or negative charge
  • Types of Ions
    • Cation (positive charge)
    • Anion (negative charge)
  • Octet Rule
    It refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell
  • Valence Electron

    Electrons in the outermost (valence) principal energy level of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms
  • Periodic Table Groups
    • Group 1 (I) -alkali metals
    • Group 2 (II) - alkaline earth metals & He
    • Group 3-12 (transition metals)
    • Group 13 (III) - boron group
    • Group 14 (IV) - carbon group
    • Group 15 (V) - nitrogen group
    • Group 16 (VI) - oxygen group
    • Group 17 (VII) - halogen
    • Group 18 (VIII) - noble gases except Helium
  • Lewis Dot Structure (LDS)

    Lewis dot structures (LDS) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule
  • Covalent Bonding
    The formation of compound also involves sharing of electrons, thus resulting in a covalent bonding
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  • Atom
    Tiny particles that all substances are made of
  • Electrons
    • Negatively charged subatomic particles
    • J.J. Thomson was the first to accurately calculate the mass and charge of an electron
  • Protons
    • Positively charged subatomic particles
    • Discovery of protons is credited to Ernest Rutherford
  • Neutrons
    • Neutrally charged subatomic particles
    • Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932
  • Quantum Mechanical Model
    • Model of the atom where the electron can be thought of as a wave (proposed by Louis de Broglie)
    • Erwin Schrodinger developed a mathematical equation to describe the hydrogen atom
    • Werner Heisenberg discovered the Uncertainty Principle - the exact position and motion of an electron cannot be known
  • Atomic Orbital
    The volume or region of space around the nucleus where the electron is most likely to be found
  • Electron Orbit Model

    Electrons were thought to orbit around the nucleus in defined paths
  • Electron Cloud Model

    Electrons move in waves in a defined space called an electron cloud
  • Quantum Numbers
    • Principal quantum number
    • Angular momentum quantum number
    • Magnetic quantum number
  • Electron Configuration
    The arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals
  • Chemical Bonding
    The formation of a chemical bond between two or more atoms, molecules, or ions to give rise to a chemical compound
  • Octet Rule
    The tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell