mendel's law

• Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles separate during gamete formation, resulting in homozygous or heterozygous offspring.
• Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of another.
• Phenotypes are observable characteristics influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
• The Punnett Square can be used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting certain traits based on Mendelian genetics.
• The genotype is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from both parents.
• Punnett Squares are useful tools for understanding how different alleles combine during gamete formation, fertilization, and genetic variation within populations.
• Genotype refers to an organism's complete set of genes.
• Genetic testing involves analyzing DNA samples to identify specific genes associated with certain diseases or conditions.
• Pedigree charts are diagrams used to track genetic traits through generations.
• The Punnett square is used to predict the probability of genotypes and phenotypes based on Mendelian principles.
• Genetic variation refers to differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population.
• Alleles are alternative forms of a gene occupying corresponding positions on paired chromosomes.
• Gene therapy uses modified viruses to deliver therapeutic genes directly to target cells.
• Homozygous individuals have identical alleles at a particular locus (either both dominant or recessive).
• Incomplete dominance occurs when neither parental phenotype is fully expressed in the F1 generation, leading to an intermediate phenotype.
• Genetic Variation refers to differences in DNA sequences among individuals within a population.
• Codominant inheritance involves two alleles being equally dominant, with both phenotypic expressions present in the F1 generation.
• Allelic Frequency is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular allele in a population.
• Multiple Alleles occur when more than two alleles exist at a locus, such as ABO blood types.
• Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) describes the expected frequencies of genotypes in a large, randomly mating population with no evolutionary forces acting upon it.
• Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles when they occur together in heterozygous individuals.
• Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles.
• Incomplete dominance occurs when two different alleles produce an intermediate phenotype, such as pink flowers instead of red or white.
• Heterozygous individuals have different alleles at a particular locus, with one being dominant over the other.