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• Research is a scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual's speculation with reality
• Research directs us to inquire about the wrong information
• Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person's ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit
• Research is about transporting of fact from one location to another
• Conducting research is just about information gathering
• Characteristics of research


  • Careful and precise judgment
  • Involves evaluation of facts and information
  • The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated
  • Conducted in a systematic manner without bias
  • Starts with a problem and ends with a problem
• Inventing something


  Invention
• Use of copyrighted material without permission

  Unauthorized use of original works
• Asking for information


  Inquiry
• Step 1 in conducting research

  Identifying the research problem
• Guidelines for responsible conduct of research

  Ethical principles for conducting research
• Deals with presenting data without bias

  Presenting data without bias
• Falsifying information or theory


  Falsifying information or theory
• Deals with keeping your promises and agreements

  Keeping promises and agreements
• Research must be based on direct experience

  Based on direct experience
• Research has two broad methodologies: qualitative and quantitative
• Qualitative research uses closed ended questions in data gathering
• In the field of biology, chemistry and physics, qualitative research is most used
• Qualitative research can complement quantitative data
• When the researcher starts with discussions from the lowest to highest, it is called deductive
• Qualitative


  • There are no conclusions formulated
  • Uses interviews, participant observation and group discussions
  • Data analysis is non-statistical
• Quantitative


  • The purpose is to test a hypothesis or theory
  • Researcher employs standard criteria
• The cup had a mass of 454 grams
• The temperature outside is 25C
• It is warm outside
• The tree is 30 feet tall
• The building has 25 stories
• The building is taller than the tree
• The sidewalk is long
• The sidewalk is 100 meters long
• The race was over quickly
• The race was over in 10 minutes
• Kinds of qualitative research

  • Ethnography
  • Phenomenology
  • Grounded Theory
  • Case Study
  • Historical Research
  • Action Research
• A research problem is a general issue or concern about the research that narrow the topic
• General problem should be stated in question form
• Scope of the study is the coverage of the research to be explored
• Population refers to the portion or part that serves as the representative
• Volunteer sampling is also called as chain referral sampling
• Research title is the most important element that defines the research problem
• The sample refers to the individuals who actively serve as sources of information