week 1

• Human factors are the physical, mental, social, and environmental conditions that affect human performance.
• Human Factors


  • Create human activity (interaction with the product or environment) that makes sense (according to needs and limitations)
• Remington Model 2


  1878
• The Gilbreths


  Early 1900s
• The Birth of a Profession

  1945 - 1960
• Rapid Growth Period


  1960 - 1980
• Computers, Disaster, Litigation


  1980 - 1990
• Ergonomics Research Society


  1949
• Journal Ergonomics


  1957
• International Ergonomics Association


  1959
• Human Factors


  Visual/auditory input, information processing, decision making, movement description
• Ergonomics


  Physical/Physiological aspects of work/task design
• Human Factors Research Areas

  • Industrial Related Research
  • Consumer Products
  • Military Operations
• Microergonomics


  Physical, cognitive, environmental
• Macroergonomics


  Organizational optimization, work systems considering personnel, technology and variables environment and its interactions
• Human Factors Design Areas (Microergonomics)


  • Product Design
  • Training and Courses
• Human Factors Design Areas (Macroergonomics)

  • Company Structure
  • Company Employment
• Human Factors Development


  • HCI (Human Computer Interaction)
  • Human-Robotic Interaction
  • Displays – Sign systems and Navigation
  • Virtual Reality – Augmented Reality
  • Computer simulation of jobs/tasks
  • User Experience – User Interface
  • Ergonomics standards
• Human-Machine Systems


  A system involving a human or more and one component or more that provides the ability for humans and machines to coordinate to complete a specific job
• Human-Machine Interface


  Control fields, displays and other forms that function to convey information and energy between humans and machines
• Human-Machine Systems Example


  • Automobile
  • Machine operator
  • Nuclear plant
  • Airplane
• Human Role in Human-Machine Systems


  • Observer and estimator of system status and behavior
  • Planner, problem solver, decision maker
  • Control manipulation, changing the system state
  • Provide input
• Human Factors are a commitment to the idea that things, machines, etc. are built to serve humans and must be designed always with the user in mind
• Human Factors recognize individual differences in human capabilities and limitations and an appreciation for their design implications
• Human Factors have a conviction that the design of things, procedures, etc. influence human behaviour and well-being
• Human Factors emphasize empirical data and evaluation in the design process
• Human Factors rely on the scientific method and the use of objective data to test hypotheses and generate basic data about human behaviour
• Human Factors are not just applying checklists and guidelines
• Human Factors are not using oneself as the model for designing things
• Human Factors are not just common sense
• References


  • Human Factors In Engineering and Design (Mark Sanders, Ernest McCormick)
  • Human Factors and Ergonomics Design Handbook (Barry Tillman, David Fitts, Wesley Woodson)
  • Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Method (Neville Stanton)
  • Journal and Scientific Article
  • Lecture Notes
• Factors such as workload, stress, fatigue, distractions, and communication can impact human performance.
• Human factors are the physical, cognitive, social, organizational, and environmental characteristics that influence human performance.
• One key aspect of human factors in aviation is understanding human limitations, such as memory constraints and attention span, to design systems that minimize errors.
• Human error can be caused by various factors such as fatigue, stress, distractions, lack of training or experience, and poor communication.
• Ergonomics focuses on improving comfort, safety, and efficiency in the workplace through design considerations.
• Effective communication, crew resource management, and situational awareness are crucial components of human factors in aviation to enhance safety and efficiency.
• Designing interfaces with consideration for these factors can improve safety and efficiency.
• Cognitive psychology studies how people process information and make decisions.
• The principles of ergonomics include designing equipment and tasks based on anthropometric data, minimizing repetitive motions, providing clear instructions, using appropriate lighting, and ensuring proper ventilation.