MIL

• Literacy


  The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider society.
• Media


  The physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages.
• Media Literacy


  The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
• Information


  A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
• Information Literacy


  The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
• Technology Literacy


  The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information.
• Media and Information Literacy

  The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens.
• Media are traditionally a source of credible information in which contents are provided through an editorial process determined by journalistic values and where editorial accountability can be attributed to an organization or a legal person. In more recent years the term 'media' is often used to include new online media.
• Information literacy is a means to express personal ideas, develop arguments, refute the opinions of others, learn new things or identify the truth or factual evidence about a topic.
• Evolution of Media


  • Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)
  • Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)
  • Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)
  • Information Age (1900s-2000s)
• Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s)

  • Cave paintings (35,000 BC)
  • Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
  • Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)
  • Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)
  • Dibao in China (2nd Century)
  • Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)
  • Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD)
• Industrial Age (1700s-1930s)


  • Printing press for mass production (19th century)
  • Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
  • Typewriter (1800)
  • Telephone (1876)
  • Motion picture photography/projection (1890)
  • Commercial motion pictures (1913)
  • Motion picture with sound (1926)
  • Telegraph
  • Punch cards
• Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)


  • Transistor Radio
  • Television (1941)
  • Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC (1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
  • Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704 (1960)
  • Personal computers - i.e. HewlettPackard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976)
  • OHP, LCD projectors
• Information Age (1900s-2000s)


  • Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995)
  • Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999), Wordpress (2003)
  • Social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004)
  • Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)
  • Video: YouTube (2005)
  • Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality
  • Video chat: Skype (2003), Google Hangouts (2013)
  • Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995)
  • Portable computers- laptops (1980), netbooks (2008), tablets (1993)
  • Smart phones
  • Wearable technology
  • Cloud and Big Data
• Roles and functions of media in a Democratic Society

  • Channel - provides opportunities for people to communicate, share ideas, speculate, tell stories and give information
  • Watchdog - exposes corrupt practices of the government and the private sector. Creating a space wherein governance is challenged or scrutinized by the governed. It also guarantees free and fair elections
  • Resource center - acts as a gateway of information for the society's consumption. Also, it becomes a keeper of memories of the community, preserver of heritage and source of academic knowledge
  • Advocate - through its diverse sources or formats, it bridges the gap of digital divide
• Information


  Data that has been collected, processed, and interpreted in order to be presented in a usable form. A broad term that can cover processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols. In the media world, information is often used to describe knowledge of specific events or situations that has been gathered or received by communication, intelligence, or news reports.
• Information Literacy


  A set of individual competencies needed to identify, evaluate and use information in the most ethical, efficient and effective way across all domains, occupations and professions. It refers to the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate information in its various formats.
• Stages/Elements of Information Literacy

  • Identifying/recognizing information needs
  • Determining sources of information
  • Citing or searching for information
  • Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
  • Organizing, storing or archiving information
  • Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
  • Creating and communicating new knowledge
• Plagiarism


  Using other people's words and ideas without clearly acknowledging the source of the information.
• Common Knowledge


  Facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be widely known.
• Quotation


  Using someone's words directly. When you use a direct quote, place the passage between quotation marks, and document the source according to a standard documenting style.
• Paraphrase


  Using someone's ideas, but rephrasing them in your own words. Although you will use your own words to paraphrase, you must still acknowledge and cite the source of the information.
• Plagiarism has legal implications. While ideas themselves are not copyrightable, the artistic expression of an idea automatically falls under copyright when it is created. Under fair use, small parts may be copied without permission from the copyright holder. However, even under fair use - in which you can use some parts of the material for academic or non-profit purposes - you must attribute the original source. What is considered fair use is rather subjective and can vary from country to country.
• Types of Media


  • Print Media
  • Broadcast Media
  • New Media
• Print Media


  Media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. The print medium has different forms; it can be a book, a newspaper, a magazine, a journal, or others (comics, flyers, and posters).
• Broadcast Media


  Media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium. The history of broadcast medium can be traced to the development of technology in the electronic age.
• New Media


  Content organized and distributed on digital platforms. These include computers, internet, compact disks, e-book readers and more.
• Media Convergence


  Happens when different (two or more) media sources join together. It allows media texts to be produced and distributed on multiple media devices. It is the ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices.
• Language


  Pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge.
• Media Languages


  Codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
• Types of Codes


  • Technical codes
  • Symbolic codes
  • Written Codes
• Technical Codes


  Include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting. They may include, for example, ominous music to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of power in a photograph.
• Symbolic Codes


  Include the language, dress or actions of characters, or iconic symbols that are easily understood. For example, a red rose may be used symbolically to convey romance, or a clenched fist may be used to communicate anger.
• Written Codes


  Use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.)
• Convention


  In the media context, refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behaviour.
• Messages


  The information sent from a source to a receiver.
• Audience


  The group of consumers for whom a media message was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the message.
• Producers


  People engaged in the process of creating and putting together media content to make a finished media product.
• Other stakeholders


  Libraries, archives, museums, internet and other relevant information providers.
• Copyright


  A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement.