Lesson 5: Developmental Task and Challenges

• Adolescence

  • the period between the normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood.
• Biological Challenges

  • Adolescence begins with the first well-defined maturation event called puberty.
  • changes that occur due to the release of the sexual hormones that affect emotions.
• Cognitive Challenges

  • adolescence is the time when young people develop cognitively from "concrete operations" to "formal operations", so they can deal with ideas, concepts, and abstract theories.
  • Adolescents are egocentric. They can become self-conscious thinking they are being watched by others,
• Theory of Social Development by Jean Piaget

  • Concrete Operational Stage; 7-11 years old; Logical thought.
  • Formal Operational; adolescence to adulthood; scientific reasoning
• Concrete Operational Stage

  • children begin to think logically about concrete events.
  • During this stage, children also become less egocentric and begin to think about how other people might think and feel.
• Formal Operational Stage

  • Adolescents can think systematically and reason about what might be as well as what is (not everyone achieves this stage).
  • Adolescents can deal with abstract ideas:
• Psychological Challenges

  • the adolescent must cope with moving from childhood to adulthood.
  • Adolescents, amid self-discovery, face stress and anxiety from adjusting to new experiences, leading to reduced tolerance for change and difficulty in behavior modulation,
• Health Issues of Adolescence

  • Eating Disorder
  • Anxiety Disorder
  • Mood Disorder
  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MOD)
  • Bipolar Disorder
• Eating Disorder

  • illnesses that are characterized by irregular eating habits and severe distress or concern about body weight or shape.
  • Types:
  • Anorexia nervosa - They may become abnormally thin and still talk about feeling fat.
  • Bulimia nervosa - episodes of overeating (bingeing) usually followed by compensatory behavior such as: purging through vomiting
• Anxiety Disorder

  • group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.
• Mood Disorder

  • development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors
• MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (MDD)

  • of at least 2 weeks during which there is either depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities.
• BIPOLAR DISORDER

  • a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy,
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  • severe problems with concentration or attention and/or hyperactivity are estimated to affect adolescents.
• School Phobia

  • also called school refusal, is defined as a persistent and irrational fear of going to school.
• Learning Disabilities

  • encompasses disorders that affect the way individuals with normal or above-normal intelligence receive, store, organize, retrieve, and use information.
• Social Issues

  1. Sexual Abuse
  2. Substance abuse
  3. Influence of Mass Media
  4. Impact of Social Media
• Sexual Abuse

  • or a sexual act forced upon a woman, man, or child without their consent.
• Substance Abuse

  • smoking or chewing tobacco at an early age, aided by easy access to tobacco products. - Many
• Influence of Mass Media

  • activate and reinforce attitudes and contribute significantly in the formation of new attitudes and will continue to affect children's cognitive and social development.
• Impact of Social Media

  • Mass media activate and reinforce attitude and contribute significantly in the formation of new attitudes and will continue to affect dchildren's cognitive and social development
• DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

  • an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self.