Head + Lower Extremity

• the skull's function is to house and protect the brain
• the neurocranium is separated into the calvaria and the cranial base
• the neurocranium is formed by the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, two temporal bones, and two parietal bones
• calvaria is a dome-like roof and is often referred to as the skullcap
• cranial base is the floor of the cranium and also referred to as the basicranium
• lipombo is the art of head elongation
• pterion is the weakest part of the skull
• pterion is where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet underneath it sits the middle meningeal artery
• bregma is a junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures
• lambda is the junction between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures
• calvaria is composed of 4 bones: frontal, bilateral pair of parietal bones, and the occipital bone
• the coronal suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bone
• the sagittal suture joins the 2 parietal bones
• the lambdoid suture joins the occipital bone to the two parietal bones
• sutures are immovable, fibrous joints found only in the skull
• crista galli is a bony prominence that divides the cribiform plate
• foramen magnum is the entrance and exit of the spinal cord from the skull vault
• the cranial base is separated into anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossas
• the anterior cranial fossa is formed by the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones and houses the frontal lobe
• the middle cranial dossa is composed of the sella turcica and houses the temporal lobe
• the posterior cranial fossa is the largest fossa, formed mostly by the sphenoid and parietal bones and houses the cerebellum
• the cribiform plate is the roof in the nasal cavities
• dorsum sellae is a prominent bony structure off of the sphenoid
• jugular foramen is the space for the internal jugular vein
• the internal occipital proturbance is the bony prominence at posterior of base
• the cerebral arteriral circle of willis is formed by the posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and anterior communicating arteries
• the dura mater is the outermost layer of tissue that surrounds the brain
• the cerebrum is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
• diencephalon forms the central core of the brain and consists of the epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
• midbrain is the rostral part of the brainstem, lies at junction of the middle and posterior cranial fossae
• pons is part of the brainstem between the midbrain anteriorly and medulla oblongata
• the blood supply to the brain is from the internal carotid and vertebral arteries
• pelvis is made of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
• the ilium is the superior and largest part of pelvis and forms the upper 2/5 of the acetabulum
• ischium forms the posterior and inferior 2/5 of the acetabulum
• the ischial tuberosity is defined as the sit bones
• the pubis forms the anterior 1/5 of the acetabulum
• the pubic tubercle is the main attachment for the inguinal ligament
• great saphenous vein is a superficial vein that runs the length of the lower extremity
• the great saphenous vein is used for cardiac bypass surgery