Duodenal Material

• When parasites residing in the small intestine are difficult to recover from a stool specimen, duodenal material can be collected for examination. What are the two commonly used methods for collecting duodenal material?

  = Nasogastric intubation and enteric capsule test
• In nasogastric intubation, a tube is inserted through the patient's:

  = Nose and down into the stomach and duodenum
• The collected duodenal fluid obtained through nasogastric intubation can be examined promptly under a microscope. Which of the following methods can be used to prepare slides for examination?

  = Wet preparation

  =  Centrifugation and sediment examination

  = Staining with trichrome, iron hematoxylin, or modified acid-fast stain
• What is the purpose of using a preservative called polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fixative on duodenal fluid?

  = To prevent deterioration of trophozoites
• The Enterotest is a method used to collect duodenal material without intubation. What does the patient swallow in the Enterotest procedure?

  = A gelatin capsule
• What is attached to the patient's neck or cheek in the Enterotest procedure?

  = A weighted string
• After the Enterotest capsule has dissolved and the incubation period is over, how is the duodenal material collected?

  = By pulling the yarn string out of the patient
• Which parasites can be observed by examining duodenal material collected through nasogastric intubation or the Enterotest?

  = Strongyloides stercoralis and Fasciola hepatica eggs
• The collection and examination of duodenal material allow for direct sampling from the:

  = Small intestine
• The examination of duodenal material is particularly useful for the diagnosis of infections that may not be detected in:

  = Stool specimens