Similarities and differences s

• Outline a Similarity between Milgram and Bocchiaro :

  Both studies were carried out in a lab with a single condition and both involved a situation where ppts were aware that they were taking part in research but were unaware of the nature of the study.
• Outline a Difference between Milgram and Bocchiaro :

  -Milgrams orders were to directly inflict pain on another person and put them in danger. In contrast, in Bocciaro et al.'s study, participants were ordered merely to write a message.
• Outline a Similarity between Loftus and Palmer and Grant et al :

  -Samples were similarly composed, LnP using all students, and Grant et al having used acquaintances of students.

  -Both used opportunity sampling, a non representative method , so to an extent both samples would have limited generalisability.
• Outline a difference between Loftus and Palmer and Grant et al :

  -Loftus and palmer looked at the disrupting effect of information received between encoding and retrieval (leading q's)

  -Grant et al looked at the disrupting effects of the environment during the process of encoding and retrieval.
• Outline a similarity between Bandura and Chaney et al. :


  -Both studies used tasks that lacked validity (especially ecological validity) and collected mainly quantitative data
• Outline a difference between Bandura and Chaney et al :

  -Bandura used a lab experiment and Chaney used a field experiment.
• Outline a similarity between Sperry and Casey et al :

  - Both were lab based studies collecting quantitative data about regions of the brain.

  
  

  -Limiting the visual field and using preloaded tests on laptops were ways to impose controls.
• Outline a difference between Sperry and Casey et al :

  -Casey et a was a longitudinal study investigating delay gratification.

  -Sperry used single participant experiments to investigate memory and perception in split brain patients.
• Outline a similarity between Freud and Baron-Cohen et al. :

  -Both studies focus on helping us understand disorders. They are both useful in training therapists in theoretical and practical ways.
• Outline a difference between Freud and Baron-Cohen et al. :

  -Freud used a case study of one boy. In some ways the study has low validity and reliability. It produced a lot of qualitative data.

  -Baron-Cohen et al. used a highly controlled quasi experiment and a range of sampling methods to study M and F.

  Produced quantitative data.
• Outline a similarity between Gould and Hancock et al. :

  -Both used quantitative data which allowed comparisons to be made.

  -Both had difficulties with valid measurement of individual differences.

  >For Gould it is questionable if the tests can be considered a valid measure of intelligence.

  >Hancock faced validity issues relating to offenders exaggerating their crimes due to social desirability.
• Outline a difference between Gould and Hancock et al :

  -Different in the way that they collected their data.

  -Gould explains how psychometric testing was conducted in mass through standardised tests, administered to large groups across a number of training camps.

  -Hancock et al conducted individual interviews with ppts in prisons to gain detailed accounts of their specific crimes.