Week 8

• Some volcanoes might explode without warning if the type of eruption is what is known as phreatic, also known as steam-blast eruptions, these events could occur with little or no warning as superheated water flashes to steam like what happened at Mayon Volcano in 2013 and Ontake Volcano, Japan (2014) ​
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  Precise engineering methods of surveying using the instrument Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) to measure accurately to millimeter changes on ground (if the slope for the volcano swells)​
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  Swelling of the ground surface can be detected by using precision instruments and techniques that measure minute changes in slope, distance, or elevation at the ground surface. ​
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  Deformation on ground is also measured using data of repeated measurements from permanent. Global Positioning System (GPS) installed around the volcano.​
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  Use of Remote sensing images also help compare before and after features. ​
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  Direct measurement of temperature and chemistry ground water, spring water or lakes (using a thermometer /thermocouple, pH meter). ​
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  Gas being emitted by volcanic can be measured directly by gas monitoring equipment. ​