types of claims

• Claim


  A statement through which an author conveys or defends an idea
• Types of claims


  • Claim of Fact
  • Claim of Value
  • Claim of Policy
• Claim of Fact


  A quantifiable assertion that presents an idea as true or false, which can be verified using evidence
• Claim of Fact


  • Tuberculosis was the oldest disease of mankind
  • The coronavirus disease had started in Wuhan, China
  • The number of online learners has risen due to the pandemic experienced in the country
  • The death penalty does not deter crime
• Claim of Value


  A qualitative assertion that presents an idea as good or bad, right or wrong, better or worse, based on morals, beliefs, and preferences
• Claim of Value


  • Traditional onsite learning is more effective than online learning
  • Hoarding of grocery items is not helpful to the community
  • Wearing of mask and social distancing is an ideal form of defense against viral diseases
  • Since it is inequitably administered, capital punishment is unjust
• Claim of Policy


  A statement that presents an idea as a solution to a problem, usually involving groups, organizations or society, and contains what should or should not be done
• Claim of Policy


  • Violators of the community quarantine should be subjected to manual labor rather than imprisonment
  • We should all have access to government assistance at all times
  • Children below 18 years old should not be allowed to go out during the night
  • Because it does not deter crime, because it is inequitably administered, and because it is unjust, the death penalty should be abandoned by civilized societies
• Being a critical reader does not mean doubting about a certain idea and disregarding all its claims whether drawn explicitly or implicitly as false
• Reading Process


  1. Identifies and understands arguments and ideas presented in text

  2. Evaluates supporting claims

  3. Responds by developing independent conclusions or counterarguments
• Explicit information


  Any idea that is stated in the text
• Implicit information


  Information that is understood but not stated in the text, requiring the reader to make inferences based on clues
• Critical reading enables you to distinguish the explicit and implicit information provided by the author
• As a critical reader, you must be able to analytically point out claims that are presented in the text