MTA

• Text


  A large unit of written language. It is a coherent set of words, phrases, and sentences that expresses one main point or central idea. It is a connected discourse.
• Discourse


  An expression of ideas that utilizes the spoken and the written language in a social context.
• Compared to a discourse, a text


  Follows a structure that requires the ideas to be related to one another. The writer connects each idea to the other that the reader will be able to grasp the main point of the text.
• Morphology


  The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language - analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as root words, prefixes, and suffixes.
• Morpheme


  The smallest grammatical unit in a language.
• Types of Morphemes


  • Free Morpheme - Can function independently as a word (e.g. cat, house, blood)
  • Bound Morpheme - A word element attached to a root word (the main part of a word) to give it another meaning. It cannot function independently as a word (e.g. affixes)
• Affix


  A morpheme that is attached to a root word to form a new word.
• Context Clues


  Words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word and help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word.
• Types of Context Clues

  • Synonyms - Used when the text has words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word
  • Antonyms - Words that reveal the opposite meaning in relation to the unknown word
  • Examples - Specific details in a text that are used to clarify the meaning of a word
  • Definition - Usually signaled by a form of the verb to be (am, is, are, was, were) or by commas or dashes
• Text


  A large unit of written language. Discourse is an expression of ideas. Thus text is a group of ideas put together to make a point or a central idea.
• Narration


  Narrative discourse focuses on telling a story. It typically involves characters, a setting, a plot, and a sequence of events. The narrative structure often includes elements such as exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
• Examples of Narrative texts


  • Novels, short stories, myths, legends, and personal anecdotes
• Descriptive Texts


  Descriptive texts aims to provide a detailed and vivid depiction of a subject, using sensory language to create a clear and evocative image. It often appeals to the reader's senses, conveying how something looks, feels, sounds, tastes, or smells.
• Examples of Descriptive texts


  • Travel writing, nature essays, and detailed product reviews
• Exposition


  Expository discourse is informative in nature, designed to explain, clarify, or present facts on a particular subject. It often employs a logical and organized structure, providing definitions, explanations, and examples to enhance understanding.
• Examples of Exposition


  • Textbooks, research papers, essays, and articles that aim to inform and educate
• Argumentation


  Argumentative discourse seeks to persuade or convince the audience by presenting and supporting a particular viewpoint or argument. It involves presenting claims, providing evidence, and addressing counterarguments to establish the validity of the stated position.
• Examples of Argumentative texts


  • Persuasive essays, opinion columns, and debates
• Examples of Exposition


  • Textbooks
  • Research papers
  • Essays
  • Articles that aim to inform and educate
• Expository discourse


  Presenting information in a clear and straightforward manner, without necessarily persuading the audience
• Examples of Argumentative texts

  • Persuasive essays
  • Opinion columns
  • Debates
• Argumentative discourse


  Seeks to persuade or convince the audience by presenting and supporting a particular viewpoint or argument
• Ways to organize the details of a paragraph

  • Chronological order
  • Spatial order
  • Emphatic order
• Repetitions keep continuity and highlight important ideas
• Avoid contractions and exclamation points (unless part of a direct quotation)
• Mention the full name before the abbreviation
• Numbers from 0-10 must be spelled out
• Text


  A large unit of written language, a coherent set of words, phrases, and sentences that expresses one main point or central idea, a connected discourse
• Discourse


  An expression of ideas that utilizes the spoken and the written language in a social context
• Compared to a discourse, a text


  Follows a structure that requires the ideas to be related to one another. The writer connects each idea to the other that the reader will be able to grasp the main point of the text
• Morphology


  The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. Analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as root words, prefixes, and suffixes
• Morpheme


  The smallest grammatical unit in a language (root word?)
• Free morpheme


  Can function independently as a word
• Free morphemes


  • house, cat, blood
• Bound morpheme


  A word element attached to a root word (the main part of a word) to give it another meaning, cannot function independently as a word

  
• Bound morphemes


  • Affixes (prefixes and suffixes)
• Affix


  A morpheme that is attached to a root word to form a new word

  
• Context clues


  Words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word and help you recognize the meaning of an unknown word
• Context clues


  • Synonyms, antonyms, examples, definitions
• Synonyms


  Words or phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown word