RWRS

• Text is a large unit of written language that expresses one main point or central idea
• Discourse is an expression of ideas that utilizes spoken and written language in a social context
• In a text, ideas are related to one another and connected to help the reader grasp the main point
• Morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language
• Morphology analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as root words, prefixes, and suffixes
• Morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language, with free morphemes functioning independently as words (e.g., house, cat, blood)
• Bound morphemes are word elements attached to a root word to give it another meaning and cannot function independently as a word (e.g., affixes like prefixes and suffixes)
• Affix is a morpheme attached to a root word to form a new word
• Context clues are words, phrases, and sentences that surround an unfamiliar word and help recognize the meaning of an unknown word
• Types of discourse:

  • Narrative involves narrating or telling a story with actions, characters, and a theme (e.g., Incident, Autobiography, Biography, Historical Account)
  • Description uses sensory writing with rich and vivid details appealing to the five senses
  • Exposition provides information about one or more topics, informing, explaining, expounding, and interpreting (e.g., Exemplification or Classification, Comparison and Contrast, Cause and Effect, Problem-solution)
  • Argumentation persuades readers through proofs of the writer's views
• Summary:

  • Narrative essay paragraphs tell a personal story or show personal growth
  • Descriptive essay paragraphs describe an item or event using words that appeal to the five senses
  • Persuasive essay paragraphs seek to persuade the reader to accept the writer's point of view on a controversial topic
  • Expository paragraphs provide information, facts, or argue a point