Evolution Long Quiz

• Natural Selection

  ➢ some individuals in a

  population with certain traits

  have a higher survival and

  reproductive rate than others
• Genetic Drift

  ➢ refers to the random change in the frequency of

  a gene
• A large reduction in the size of a

  population that increases

  evolutionary change by genetic drift

  is termed a bottleneck .
• A bottleneck associated with the

  founding of a new geographic

  population is called a founder effect

  and may be associated with the

  formation of a new species.
• Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding)

  ➢ a technique in which the

  intervention of humans allows for

  only selected organisms to breed

  and produce offspring
• Mutation

  ➢ the change in the DNA of an organism and is a random even
• Migration (Gene Flow)

  ➢ is the movement of populations, groups, or individual

  species
• Recombination

  ➢ is the exchange of segments between DNA

  molecules or chromosomes
• Biogeography is the study of the distribution of

  plants and animals in geographic space and through

  geologic time.
• Paleontology is the science that deals with the

  study of fossils.
• Anatomy is the branch of biology that deals with the

  study of the structure and parts of organisms.
• Homology refers to the similarity of parts of

  different organisms caused by evolutionary derivation of a corresponding part from a remote ancestor.
• Embryology is the study of the development of an

  organism from conception to birth.
• Catastrophism by Georges Cuvier

  he proposed an unthinkable idea at the

  time, that many species that have once

  existed have already gone extinct.
• Catastrophism by Georges Cuvier

  He proposed that a geologic catastrophe

  must have caused the extinction of

  organisms and that repopulation of the

  area was made by organisms that survived

  the catastrophe.
• Inheritance of Acquired Trait

  by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

  Lamarck argued that living organisms

  slowly change to be better and better

  until they reach a state of perfection
• Fluida- a liquid component in an

  organism's body that goes to the part of

  the body that needs to change as

  directed by the environment
• Fitness -degree of adaptation of an individual to its

  environment which is passed onto future generations
• Adaptive trait or evolutionary adaptation -traits that increase

  the degree of adaptation of an individual to its environment

  (fitness)
• Heritability

  ➢ states that variation in traits of individuals may be

  passed on to their offspring.
• Overproduction

  ➢ With influence from Thomas Malthus, Darwin

  believed that organisms could produce more

  individuals than can be supported by the

  environment.
• Variation

  Darwin observed that species of organisms that seemed to be

  similar were in fact different at the same time.
• Reproductive Advantage

  Finally, Darwin believed that with all the variations

  in individuals of a population, some traits allow

  individuals to gain more advantage in terms of fitness.

  It allows certain individuals to be reproduced more

  than others
• • Introns - non-coding section

  of RNA

  ➢ Exons- sections that code

  for proteins
• Genetic Engineering

  • The simple addition, deletion, or manipulation of a

  single trait in an organism to create a desired

  change.
• • Genetic Engineering

  Artificially copying a piece of DNA from one organism

  and joining this copy of DNA into the DNA of another

  organism.
•  A specialized area of biotechnology is

  called DNA technology. This focuses

  on the ability to analyze, manipulate

  and “cut and paste” DNA pieces.