lesson 6: cultural, social, and political institutions

• It is the web of social relationship that forms a crucial part of the human lives in most societies. Also refer to a principle by which an individual or group of individuals are organized into social groups, categories, and genealogy.

  kinship
• Who said that the study of kinship is the study of what man does with these basic facts of life-mating, gestation, parenthood, socialization, siblingship, etc.

  Robin Fox
• it is the human kinship relationship through marriage

  affinity
• it is the relationship that arise in one’s group of origin

  descent
• Families can be classified by it. Group members that believe coming from the same ancestors.


  Kinship by blood
• Affiliates in one gender only, either mother or father side.

  Unilineal
• automatically in mother’s side. Usually applicable in Native Americans tribes

  Matrilineal descent
• automatically in father’s side. Usually applicable in China & India

  Patrilineal descent
• either mother or father

  ambilineal
• both of your ancestorial are considered

  bilateral
• Is considered as socially/spiritually recognized union/legal contract between men & women. It is the center of kinship system that establishes rights and obligations between them, their children, and their in-laws.

  Kinship by marriage
• one should marry inside one’s group/clan

  endogamy
• can marry outside of their group

  exogamy
• one spouse

  monogamy
• multiple marriage

  polygamy
• man having women

  polygyny
• women having men

  polyandry
• the family should be under the father’s household

  patrilocal residence
• the family should be under the mother’s household

  matrilocal residence
• couple can live separately, usually in Western culture

  neolocal residence
• choice of staying either in the father/mother’s household depending on the situation

  bilocal residence
• may contain one person

  household
• should contain two or more members

  families
• group of people affiliated by consanguinity (baptism), affinity (marriage), and residence/consumption

  family
• functions of the family

  regulates sexual behavior, biological maintenance, serves as chief agency of socializing the child, gives member status, serves important mechanism in social control, performs economic functions
• intermediate (parents and children)

  nuclear family
• includes grandparents, cousins, uncles/aunties

  extended family
• mixed families, (step-parents, anak sa labas, etc.)

  reconstituted families
• sharing one household with separated parents

  separated family
• separated household but shares familyhood

  transnational families
• eldest male

  patriarcha
• vested to the mother

  matriarchal
• both men and women authority

  egalitarian
• father with prolonged absence in the family

  matricentric
• repeated election results, officials coming from one family name generation through generation

  political dynasty
• a formal agreement between 2 or more states for war support

  alliances