2.3

• 2.3.1 how fossil fuels cause global warming?

  -Global warming= most pressing迫切 environmental problems 

  -Greenhouse gas (e.g. carbon dioxide[CO₂]), trap heat in atmosphere & keep earth warm =greenhouse effect

  -Burning fossil fuels emit散發  greenhouse gases, which intensifies加劇 the greenhouse effects & lead rise in global average temperature, called global warming (transport, industrial activity, electricity generation,Deforestation )  

  -1880,  ↑1°C -→rising sea levels & coastal flooding沿海洪水
• 2.3.2 pollution problems that caused by fossil fuels

  ➀Air pollution

  Burning of fossil fuels(especially coal)→ emit air pollution(e.g. Sulphur dioxide[SO₂],Nitrogen oxides[NOx], Respirable Suspended particulates [RSP]→Air pollution→Health problems(respiratory diseases) & Acid rain → damage structures(stone) +natural areas (kill plants+fish)
• 2.3.2 pollution problems that caused by fossil fuels

  ➁Water pollution 

  Extracting/transporting oil → accidents(e.g.oil spills, oil leakage)

  Mining coal → toxic coal cinder渣 may be washed to river/sea

  Electricity generation in fossil fuel-fired power plants發電廠→ discharge of hot water in rivers/sea

  →Water pollution →Harm marine海洋 life & upset marine habitats+ecosystems 
• 2.3.3 how mining cause land destruction破壞?

  -the extraction of fossil fuels (especially coal, often destroy land)

   ~coal is extracted through opencast mining, vegetation植物 & the topsoil表層土 are removed → barren land瘠地 may →  wasteland

   ~extracting coal from underground mines may →  land subsidence地面沉降(collapse of ground surface above)