STS CHAPTER 3

• Juan S. Salcedo, Jr.


  Medical doctor and scientist, his numerous research studies in biochemistry, nutrition, and physiology furthered the cause of health of the Filipino people. He was also an administrator, policy maker, and science promoter.
• Alfredo C. Santos


  Devoted his career to the study of chemistry and natural products, and the search for medicinal properties in local plant species.
• Gregorio Y. Zara


  Contributed to the popular understanding and utilization of science in the country. His pioneering research on solar energy before there was an energy crisis showed his forward-looking perspective in science. He invented the two-way television telephone or videophone (1955) patented as a "photo phone signal separator network". He also discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic resistance called the Zara effect (circa 1930).
• Eduardo A. Quisumbing


  Botanist and taxonomist par excellence, he published original articles on Philippine flora and identified new orchid species. His book on medicinal plants was the forerunner of research studies on these plants in the Philippines.
• Geminlano T. de Ocampo


  Pioneer in modern ophthalmology, he established the first eye hospital in the country and introduced corneal transplantation. He designed an ophthalmological instrument known as the de Ocampo corneal dissector.
• Casimiro del Rosarlo


  His research on ultraviolet light, on the effect of radioactive radiation on Euglena, on high voltage discharges in high vacuum, and much more earned for himself and his country lasting honor and distinction. He contributed immensely to the study of algae over 30 years of his life. He taught and developed generations of Filipino biologists. He pioneered in Philippine phycology (the scientific study of algae), particularly on Myxophyceae.
• Fe Del Mundo


  Dedicated her life to the cause of pediatrics in the country. Her research on pediatrics; her training of physicians, paramedics, and lay health workers in childcare; and her extension services to the remote rural areas became the moving spirit behind the establishment of various pediatric institutions in the country. She was the first woman admitted at Harvard Medical School and founder of the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. She authored the first local textbook on pediatrics and developed an incubator made from bamboo that became a staple in rural health centers without electricity.
• Francisco M. Fronda


  Devoted over six decades of his life to teaching, research, and extension activities. He was instrumental in the development of the poultry industry in Southeast Asia.
• Francisco 0. Santos


  Made comprehensive investigations on the nutritive value and chemical composition of Filipino foods and on Philippine nutrition problems. He established the anti-beriberi content of sweet potato and demonstrated the food value of this crop.
• Carmen C. Velasquez


  Her pioneering research on trematodes described 32 new specles and 1 genus from Philippine foods, fishes, birds, and mammals. Capallira philippinensis from the human intestine was the first to be reported in the world. Her book, Diagenetic Trematodes of Philippine Fishes, the first in Southeast Asia, became a regional reference for fish parasitology and aquaculture management.
• Luz Ollveros-Belardo


  Expert on the chemistry of natural products and essential oils from Philippine plants, she extracted and identified 33 new essential oils. New flavors and herbal medicines resulted from her research
• Alfredo V. Lagmay


  Recognized for his studies on the experimental analysis of behavior, behavior modification relaxation and related states, and hypnosis.
• DIscoro L. Umali


  Academician, scientist, educator, research organizer, development administrator, and science statesman, he improved varieties of food grains, legumes, fruits, and ornamental plants. His writings paved the way for programs in rainfed agriculture, social forestry environmental conservation, and rural poverty reduction.
• Paulo C. Campos


  Did outstanding research on nuclear medicine, insulin action, red blood cells, and goiter. He established the first medical radioisotope laboratory and thyroid clinic in the Philippines
• Pedro B. Escuro


  Provided leadership in the development, isolation, and release of many rice cultivars. His classic C4-63 became the standard for high-quality rice in the Philippines as well as many other rice-growing countries.
• Clara Y. Lim-Syllanco


  Her numerous discoveries of environmental mutagens culminated in the designation of her laboratory as an international training center for the detection of chemical mutagens, and her appointment to the International Advisory Committee on Anti-mutagens.
• Hllarlo D, G. Lara


  His exhaustive studies on the epidemiology of cholera, typhoid dysentery, measles, and diphtheria led to the control of these diseases in the country. He devoted more than 50 years of his life to public health.
• Dolores A Ramirez


  Her research on the genetic system controlling the makapuno endosperm of coconut, the genetics of chemical resistance factors against cercospora leaf spot (fungal plant disease), and the hybrids of rice with related wild species have contributed to the improvement and understanding of important crops in the Philippines.
• Jose R. Velasco


  His pioneering research on plant mineral nutrition, photoperiodism, chemical weed control, and plant growth provided the basis for important crop production management, practices and research directions
• Blenvenldo 0. Juliano


  He has contributed immensely to improving rice and rice food products, their nutritional values, and the means to evaluate rice quality - making a relevant socioeconomic impact in many rice-eating countries of the world. Many of his works were published in international journals. He trained many scientists and researchers who have further contributed to rice science and technology
• Clare R. Baltazar


  She has devoted her life to studying the diversity of Philippine insects. She discovered and named over 100 species and 9 new genera of parasitic wasps, and identified effective biological controls. Her works are essential references for many scientists and conservationists all over the world. Known as the "First Filipina Entomologist," she set the standard of excellence for all Filipino entomologists.
• Benlto S. Vergara


  With a noble vision to help farmers and bring science and technology closer to the Filipino people, he contributed enormously to improving rice varieties to produce better harvests. He popularized the scientific basis of growing rice. He was behind the creation of IRRI Riceworld and the Philippine Science Heritage Center, two science centers that extol science-oriented culture.
• Oscar Ibarra


  A leading researcher on design and analysis of algorithms. His findings on approximation algorithms appear in many textbooks. He pioneered a very powerful method called the padding" of "translational" technique, which is now widely utilized in complexity theory.
• Dlosdado Banatao


  Entrepreneur par excellence in high technology industry. He pioneered graphics acceleration, introducing the world's first single-chip graphical user Interface (GUI) accelerator, which eliminates the bottleneck in the graphics subsystem.
• Pili nut


  Pili nut (Canarlum ovatum) is endemic to the Bicol Reglon. The nuts are made into delicate sweets, while the pulp can be boiled and eaten. The resin from the tree, Manila elemi, is used for varnish, lacquers, plastics perfumes, and printing inks. Pili is a significant contribution of the Philippines to the important plants of the world
• Nata de coco


  Nata is a century-old Filipino product first discovered In Laguna. It is formed by a microorganism growing on top of the piña (pineapple extract). The gelatinous substance is made into sweets. This started the nata de piña industry in Laguna. Because of the seasonality of pineapples, production of nata was limited. In 1949, Teodula K. Africa used coconut water as an alternative medium. It was a success, and people started using coconut water from then on. Today, this native Filipino delicacy is enjoyed all over the world as a dessert. When dried, the nata forms a strong, pure, cellulosic material with great potential for development In materials science.
• Makapuno


  Makapuno is a coconut mutant found in the Philippines. The taste is unlike that of normal coconut. It is used in making Filipino delicacies such as preserves, ice cream flavoring, pastillas, yema, etc. Other countries are now planting this rare mutant for its exotic flavor.
• Abaca


  When Ferdinand Magellan landed In Cebu in 1521, he discovered the Filipinos dressed in clothes made of a material he had never seen before. Three hundred years before the Western world discovered the vital application of abaca, the Filipinos had already mastered the art of extracting and using it. Abaca (Musa textiles) is similar to the banana plant. The fibers from abaca are used in making jusi, sinamay, t'nalak, rugs, doormats, bags, etc. The fine fibers are made into lens tissue, tea bags, and numerous other Items, Abaca is also used as a component in papermaking: Manila paper, Manila envelopes, and paper money. Unlike plastic, abaca is biodegradable and is a renewable resource. The Philippines supplies 85% of the world's needs.
• Waling-Waling


  Waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana) was discovered In Mindanao in 1880. It is one of the most beautiful orchids in the world. Most commercial Vanda hybrids contain genes from waling-waling.
• llosone


  llosone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic discovered by Abelardo Aguilar from a soil in Iloilo. It was later called Erythromycin.
• C4-63


  A quality rice is essential in Asia, where most people consume this food daily sometimes with nothing else to go with it. One such outstanding rice variety, C4-63, was developed by Pedro B. Escuro, a rice breeder.
• Tiki-tiki


  Berlberi is a disease caused by a vitamin deficiency. Children are especially vulnerable to this deficiency. In the Philipplnes, a good source of this vitamin was found in rice bran. The extract was called tiki-tiki. Manuel Zamora, a Fillpino pharmacist, made tiki-tiki stable and readily available in small bottles. It is still produced as United American Tiki-tiki. TIki-tiki has saved the lives of many children and is an outstanding contribution to the children of the world.
• Quink


  Before the advent of ballpoint pens, fountain pens were the standard writing implements. These needed ink that is permanent, dries easily, and does not run out of the pen or across the paper when you write. In 1923, Francisco Quisimbing, a Filliplno chemist, formulated such an ink known as Quink (short for Quisimbing's ink) which is still in use today.
• Conotoxin


  The pioneers in world research on the marine shells called Conus are Lourdes Cruz and Baldomero Olivera, Jr. Conus shells produce toxin that is lethal to humans but has been proven useful in research on neuroscience, as a tool for, determining cancer, and possibly as a drug for patients who have suffered a stroke.
• Sex reversal In tilapia

  Rapid population growth is a problem in tilapia culture. Overpopulation can be prevented by growing only one sex of the fish. Rafael Guerrero III found that the male tilapia grows faster and blgger than the female. He suggested that only male tilapia be grown. But selection is difficult. To overcome the difficulty of selecting male tilapia, Guerrero used a sex hormone fed to the fry, converting females into males. This method is now widely used worldwide. Tilapia provides the important protein diet for many countries.
• Pure Makapuno Tree


  The embryo of the makapuno nut is not able to germinate; hence no pure makapuno-bearing trees occur in nature. Makapuno-bearing trees produce only 16% makapuno nuts. Emerita de Guzman conducted research to produce a coconut tree bearing 100% makapuno nuts. It took de Guzman 14 years to finally produce more makapuno-bearing trees from artificially cultured embryos. The Philippines has greatly benefited from her research.
• The DOST, in consultation with government and private research and development institutions, the academe, industry and other concerned agencies, prepared the Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022 to ensure that results of S&T endeavors are geared towards and are utilized in areas of maximum economic and social benefit for the people. The formulation of the HNRDA is in line with the DOST's mandate of providing central direction, leadership and coordination of the scientific and technological efforts in the country.
• The HNRDA is aligned with AmBisyon Natin 2040: Matatag, Maginhawa at Panatag na Buhay para sa lahat. It has three pillars: Malasakit (enhancing the social fabric), Pagbabago (reducing inequality) and Kaunlaran (increasing potential growth). AmBisyon Natin 2040 and the three pillars form the foundation for more inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society and a globally competitive knowledge economy. The HNRDA is organized into 5 sectors: Basic Research; Agriculture Aquatic and Natural Resources; Health; Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology; and Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation.