M5

• Techne


  Art, skill, craft, or the way, manner, or means by which a thing is gained
• Logos


  Word, the utterance by which inward thought is expressed, a saying, or an expression
• Technology


  The realization of the knowledge which will form into skills and techniques used to produce equipment and goods that would enhance lives and society
• The Question Concerning Technology

  Martin Heidegger
• Martin Heidegger


  • A philosopher who believes in human flourishing
  • Not against technology
  • Concern is to use technology in a proper way
• Technology


  • Not purely technical
  • A means to an end - Instrumental
  • A human activity - Anthropological definition "Tool For Us To Master"
• Heidegger's analysis of technology in The Question Concerning Technology

  • Technology is "not an instrument", it is a way of understanding the world
  • Technology is "not a human activity", but develops beyond human control
  • Technology is "the highest danger", risking us to only see the world through technological thinking
• Aristotle's four causes


  • Causa materialis - Matter: a material cause is determined by the matter that composes the changing things
  • Causa formalis - Form: a formal cause is due to the arrangement, shape, or appearance of the thing changing
  • Causa finalis - End or Purpose: a final cause is that for the sake of which a thing is changing
  • Causa efficiens - Agency or Efficiency: an efficient cause consists of things apart from the thing being changed, which interact so as to be an agency of the change
• Heidegger's reconception of Aristotle's four causes

  • Four ways of being responsible
  • Bringing-forth or the taking of each of the causes with careful consideration to produce the final product
• Technology


  • A Way of Revealing (aletheia = unconcealedness = truth)
  • Dasein (German word meaning "being there" or "presence" - often translated as "existence")
• Techne


  • Something poietic and a kind of knowing
  • Poiesis - "To bring forth into appearance or existence" - bringing forth by something else or external factors
  • Physis - "bursting into bloom, unfolding from itself" - "nature" - bringing forth without an external help
• Modern Technology


  • An advancement of old technology
  • The impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable
  • We use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in
• How Modern Technology Challenges Nature into Revealing

  1. Setting upon - Unlocks and exposes nature

  2. Ordering - What is unlocked is transformed

  3. Standing-reserve - What is transformed is stored
• Enframing


  An active gathering to reveal the truth
• Danger of "Standing-Reserve"


  • Humans will come to consider humans as a standing-reserve
  • Humans will develop this egotistical belief that they have control over existence
  • Humans will further believe that the human race is the ONLY race that matters
  • Humanity will ultimately be blinded to the way in which the world naturally reveals itself
• M. Heidegger: '"The essence of technology is by no means anything technological"'
• M. Heidegger: '"the essence of technology is nothing but technological"'
• "Questioning is the piety of thought"