breathing patterns

    Cards (17)

    • rate - tachypnea, bradypnea, and apnea
    • tachypnea - quick, shallow breaths
    • bradypnea - abnormally slow breathing
    • apnea - cessation of breathing
    • Volume - hyperventilation and hypoventilation
    • hyperventilation - overexpansion of the lungs, rapid and deep breaths
    • hypoventilation - under expansion of the lungs, shallow and infrequent breaths
    • Rhythm - biot and cheyne-strokes breathing
    • biot breathing - several shorts breaths followed by long irregular periods of apnea
    • cheyne-stokes breathing - rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea
    • ease or effort - dyspnea and orthopnea
    • dyspnea - difficult and labored breathing during which the individual has a persistent, unsatisfied need for air and feels distressed
    • orthopnea - ability to breathe only in upright sitting or standing position
    • stridor – a shrill, harsh sound heard during inspiration with laryngeal obstruction.
    • stertor – snoring or sonorous respiration, usually due to a partial obstruction of the upper airway.
    • wheeze – continuous, high-pitched musical squeak or whistling sound occurring on expiration and sometimes on inspiration when air moves through a narrowed or partially obstructed airway.
    • crackles/ rales – gurgling sounds heard as air passes through moist secretions in the respiratory tract.