Total Strategy

• Reforms

  • Minimal changes
  • Petty Apartheid slowly disappear
  • Legalised Trade Unions
  • Supply mostly satisfied workers
  • Reduce protest
  • Legal unions, more reasonable, easier to negotiate with
  • Urban Foundation
  • Build better township houses
  • Wealthy, Black Middle-Class
  • Afford SA businesses' goods
  • Black Education
  • More spent on, tripled '80s
  • Modern machines needed skilled workers
  • Anti-apartheid groups want apartheid scrapped, not reduced
  • White supremacist opposition, '82: Ultra-right Conservative Party launched
• Total Strat

  Strengthen military + police

  • ‘72 South African males 9 months military service
  • Arms boycott; made own (ARMSCOR)
  • Military spend: 700mil rand ‘74, 3,000mil rand ‘81

  West

  • UN, commonwealth + black SA leaders call sanctions
  • Ordinary people pressure govs
  • WHAM Policy (win hearts and minds); get west invest, some reforms
  • Used communist worry
  • Help from 2 west leaders (Reagan + Thatcher); resisted sanctions

  Neighbours

  • Angolan + Mozambique turn to Communism '75
  • SADF support ani-gov rebels, start/maintain civil war
  • Raided any MK bases here