Reformation

• Martin Luther was a priest and he studied theology. In 1517 Jon Tetzel arrived in Wittenberg Germany selling indulgences. Luther was angry, so he wrote 95 theses to the Bishop against the sale of indulgences. He also nailed the theses to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral. The pope didn’t want Luther to preach against the church so he issued a papal bull,which asked him recant what he said or he’ll be excommunicated.
• Luther didn’t stop so the diet of Worms was held to debate further but Luther disagreed and became and outlaw..Issued the edict of worms making him a heretic. Luther believed that the language of the mass should be in the vernacular he believed that you could only get to Heaven by your faith in God, and that the bread and wine coexisted. The changes that were introduced by him was the split in the Catholic Church some people are Catholics and some people were Protestant. Martin Luther‘s actions and beliefs significantly impacted the Catholic Church.
• • Predestination: God has already ordained all that will happen.
  • Elders: Senior churchmen/teachers who offer advice to wrongdoers.
  • The Elect: Those who have been chosen (predestined) by God for salvation.
  • Presbyters: Elders who are involved in the correction/punishment of

  wrongdoers.
• The city of God was Geneva
• Presbyterianism- John Knox
• Justification by faith alone - Faith and good works needed

  The Bible is the source of all teachings - The Bible and the teaching of the Church

  2 Sacraments - 7 Sacraments

  Service in the vernacular - Mass in Latin, etc.
• Official letter from the pope - papal bull
• Martin Luther - 1483,Saxony

  Joined Augustinian order to become a monk

  Justification by faith alone - only faith would get you to heaven - contray to the Catholics church teachings
• Money for indulgence was going to be used to build St. Peter’s Basilica and half was given to the arch bishop of Mainz
• Prince Frederick arranged a fake kidnapping and accommodated him in the WartBurg castle
• Charles v passed the edict of warms and his writings were banned.
• Luther’s beliefs

  Consubstantiation - the blood and wine was a symbol for the body and blood contrary to transubstantiation - which means that the bread and blood changes.
• He believed that the clergy should marry
• The Catholic Church believed that you can know about God through the bible and the teachings while the Luther believed that it’s the bible alone
• Jean Calvin(Calvinst /Presbyterian) - predestinations- before your born your after life was destined.

  • music should be banned
  • You should be punished when you curse
• Henry VIII - Church of England- used his position to have 2 wifes
• Luther was a very significant figure and his legacy is both good and bad. Because of Luther, the Catholic Church had to reform itself in the Counter-Reformation. Also, because of the split in the Church, religious wars caused much suffering for centuries afterwards.