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• Basketball - game is played with 2 teams. Each team consists of 5 players on the court at a time. The objective of the game is to outscore your opponent by shooting the ball into your basket and preventing them from putting the ball into theirs. The ball can be advanced up the floor with the hands only, either by dribbling or passing to teammates.
• Playing Area


  • The basketball court layout is rectangular in shape and is split in half by a mid-court line. There are 2 baskets, one located at each end of the court. The standard basketball rim is 10 feet off the ground.
• Starting Play


  Teams are assigned a basket at which to shoot for the first half, and they switch ends at half-time. The game begins with a jump ball at center court between one players from each team. Once the ball is touched by either player, the game begins. The team in possession of the ball is on offense and takes the ball toward their basket to score against their opponent who is on defense.
• Basketball Positions

  • #1 or Point Guard (PG)
  • #2 or Shooting Guard (SG)
  • #3 or Wing or Small Forward (SF)
  • #4 or Power Forward (PF)
  • #5 or Center (C)
• Point Guard (PG)


  Typically the team's shortest player and best ball handler and passer
• Shooting Guard (SG)


  Along with the small forward, often referred to as a wing because of its use in common positioning tactics
• Wing or Small Forward (SF)


  Considered to be the most versatile of the main five basketball positions
• Power Forward (PF)


  Often plays a role similar to that of the center, down in the "post" or "low blocks"
• Center (C)


  Typically plays near the baseline or close to the basket (the "low post")
• Scoring


  • 3 points = shot made beyond the 3-pt line
  • 2 points = shot made from anywhere else on the court
  • 1 point = free throw
• Game Length


  Games are divided into time segments known as periods or quarters. The length and number of each period differs between leagues.
• Common Basketball Fouls

  • Blocking
  • Charging (or Player Control Foul)
  • Elbowing
  • Flagrant Foul
  • Hand Check
  • Holding
  • Intentional Foul
  • Offensive Foul
  • Personal Foul
  • Technical Foul
• Blocking


  A personal foul caused when the defender makes illegal personal contact within opponent who may or may not have the ball. Blocking is called when the defender impedes the progress of the opponent.
• Charging (or Player Control Foul)


  A personal foul occurring when an offensive player contacts a defender who has already established a set position. A player with the ball must avoid contact with a stationary defender by stopping or changing direction.
• Elbowing


  It is a violation for a player to swing the elbows excessively.
• Flagrant Foul


  A personal or technical foul, which is violent in nature. Examples are fighting, striking, kicking, or kneeing an opponent.
• Hand Check


  A personal foul caused by a defender making repeated contact with her hands on her opponent.
• Holding


  A personal foul caused by illegal contact with an opponent, which interferes with his freedom of movement.
• Intentional Foul


  A personal or technical foul, which keeps the opponent from capitalizing on an advantageous situation. It could be contact away from the ball or contact when a defender is not making a legitimate attempt to play the ball or a player. It also occurs when a player causes excessive contact with an opponent.
• Offensive Foul


  A foul caused by an offensive player, usually in the form of charging.
• Personal Foul


  Illegal contact with an opponent while the ball is live, which hinders the opponent's offensive or defensive movement. A personal foul also includes contact by or on an airborne shooter when the ball is dead.
• Technical Foul


  A non-contact foul by a player; an intentional or flagrant contact foul while the ball is dead; or a violation charged to the head coach because of violations on the sideline or from bench personnel.
• Team Foul


  Any foul charged to a team. Once a team reaches 7 team fouls, its opponents in a bonus free throw situation.
• Common Basketball Violations

  • Back-court Violation
  • Closely Guarded (or Five-second Violation)
  • Double Dribble
  • Goal-tending
  • Lane Violation
  • Ten Seconds in the Back-court
  • Three Seconds in the Lane
  • Traveling
• Back-court Violation


  If a player is the last one on her team to touch the ball before it goes into the backcourt, she cannot be the first player to touch it in the backcourt.
• Closely Guarded (or Five-second Violation)


  Violation that occurs when a ball handler in his team's front-court is continuously guarded by any opponent who is within 6 feet of him while he is either dribbling or holding the ball. The offensive player has 5 seconds to either get rid of the ball or drive past the defender.
• Double Dribble


  When a dribbler touches the ball with both hands at the same time or when the dribbler picks up the ball and then starts dribbling again.
• Goal-tending


  Occurs when a player touches a shot ball while it is in its downward flight above the rim. It also occurs when a defender touches a free throw attempt outside the basket.
• Lane Violation


  A violation called during a free throw situation against a player who enters the lane too soon.
• Ten Seconds in the Back-court


  A team has 10 seconds to advance the ball from their backcourt past the half-court line to the frontcourt.
• Three Seconds in the Lane


  An offensive player cannot remain in the free throw lane for longer than 3 seconds while her team is in control of the ball in the frontcourt. She must clear the lane completely with both feet to stop the official's count. If she receives the ball while she is in the lane, she can stay beyond 3 seconds to drive toward the goal for a shot.
• Traveling


  A violation caused by moving the feet in any direction without properly dribbling the ball. It results in a turnover, and the ball is given to the opposing team. While holding the ball, a player must establish a pivot foot which always has to remain on the floor until he passes, shoots, or dribbles. While holding the ball, his knee cannot touch the floor and if he falls, he must get rid of the ball before attempting to get up.