ENGLISH THIRD QUARTER

• Research


  Careful, disciplined inquiry
• Research


  Systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem
• Research


  Systematic investigation of any subject
• Research


  Intellectual process conducted for a certain purpose
• Research was derived from the root word 'search', which means "to seek", and the prefix 're-', which means "again"
• Research paper


  • Uses documentation
  • Analyzes, discusses, and debates ideas
  • Acquaints you with a cross section of materials
  • Engages you in critical, not creative, reading and writing
• Research paper is not


  • A piece of expository writing
  • Personal essay
  • Reflection paper
  • Review of academic literature
  • Mere reporting of facts and/or opinions
• Literature review


  Identify gaps in your existing knowledge
• Research problem


  Questions that you want to be answered in your research
• You must have met an event in your life that had caught your curiosity, pushing you to seek an explanation
• Research objectives


  • Lead to the attainment of the general objectives
  • You must first identify the specific research questions that will lead to answer the general research problem
• Numerical variable


  Quantitative data are measured
• Categorical variable

  Qualitative data are collected
• Variables


  • Properties or characteristics of the study population that you are investigating
  • Measurable and can be manipulated during experiments
• Independent variable

  Predictors, cause
• Dependent variable


  Outcomes, effect
• Null hypothesis


  States that there are no statistically significant differences between two or more experimental or control groups
• Alternative hypothesis


  Indicates that there are statistically significant differences occur between two or more experimental or control groups
• Hypothesis


  • States your predictions about what your research will find
  • A tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested
• Independent and dependent variable examples


  • Room temperature and math test scores
  • Brand of paper towels and amount of liquid absorbed
• Sampling


  • Selecting the group that you will collect data from in your research
  • Allows you to generalize the target population out of the findings from the sampled population
• Primary data


  Collected for the research itself
• Secondary data


  Using data that had been collected in the past for other purposes
• Literature


  • Reflection of culture in society
  • Reflects the culture and society of the period in which it was set
  • It should be understood as a social and communicative system
• Through literature, we can learn from the past and leave new lessons to pass on to the next generation to come
• Culture


  • Collection of general ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society
  • These influence how those people within the society act and form decisions
• Literature shows the different cultures of one society


  Just like every nation has different customs, traditions, and conduct, each also has its own literature
• Sapay Koma


  Title of a literature work
• Jhoanna Lyn B. Cruz is a graduate of De La Salle University who teaches literature and creative writing at the University of the Philippines Mindanao
• Jhoanna Lyn B. Cruz's first book, Women Loving: Stories and a Play published in 2010 is the first sole-author anthology of lesbian-themed stories in the Philippines
• Sapay Koma


  Meaning of the title
• introduction


  Establishes the nature of your paper
• Clarification


  Involves offering back to the speaker the essential meaning of what he/she has said as you have understood.
• Bibliography


  Research report culminates with the listing of references and works related to study