mock revision

• definition of actus reus 


  the physical act or unlawful omission in committing a crime
• components of actus reus 


  must be voluntary act that leads to the prohibited outcome
• omissions (actus reus)

  liability for failing to act arises only if theres a pre-established legal duty to act
• causation(actus reus)

  the act must directly or indirectly cause the legal harm or result
• legal duty(actus reus)

  certain relationships or statutes inpose a duty to act (e,g parents towards children)
• definition of mens rea


  the mental state, intent, or recklessness behind committing a crime
• legal duty (actus reus)


  certain relationship or statutes impose a duty to act (e,g, parents towards children)
• levels of mens rea 


  intention, recklessness, and negligence represent varying levels of mens rea
• intention (mens rea)


  a direct desire to cause the consequence or a result seen as virtually certain
• recklessness (mens rea)


  awareness of risk and unjustifiable taking of that risk
• negligence (mens rea)


  failure to forsee a risk that a reasonable person would, leading to unintentional harm
• definition of battery


  unlawful application of force to another person
• act requirement of battery


  involves any touching without permission, not necessarily violent or causing injury
• mens rea of battery


  intentionally or recklessly applying force to another person
• harm (battery)


  can range from minimal contact to causing injury, without causing serious harm
• no consent (battery)


  touching another person is unlawful unless consent is given
• definition of GBH (grevious bodily harm)


  serious injury inflicted on another person
• severity of GBH


  injuries that result in serious, long- term damage or life- threatening conditions
• mens rea of GBH


  intentionally or recklessly causing serious harm
• section 18 and 20 offences of GBH


  section 18 involves intent to do serious harm ( more serious) whereas section 20 involves recklessness
• causation (GBH)


  the act must directly cause the grevious bodily harm
• definition of theft 


  dishonestly appropriately property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it
• appropriation (theft)


  taking control of property in any way, even temporarily
• property (theft)


  includes money and all tangible or intangibe property
• intention to permanently deprive (theft)


  not merely borrowing; the offender must intend to not return it
• dishonesty (theft)


  acting without belief in having a legal right to the property, againsed the owners wishes
• what is the principle of coincidence in criminal law

  the principle coincidence, also known as the contemporaneity rule, requires the actus reus ( guilty act) and mens ea (guilty mind )to occur simultaneously for criminal liability to be established