Equine

• Horse


  Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulate)
• Equidae family


  • Horse
  • Donkey/Ass
  • Zebra
  • Asian wild ass
  • Przewalski's horse
• Horses are long-day breeders and are seasonally polyestrous
• The birth date of horses is set as January 1 by many breed associations in the Northern Hemisphere
• Horse coat colors


  • Pheomelanin (red) and eumelanin (black) pigments
  • Chestnut and black are the two base colors
• Brightened coat colors (Silver gene)

  • Silver dapple
  • Silver dapple bay
• Patterns of white coats

  • Roan
  • Grey
  • Flea-bitten grey
  • Spotted
• Pinto coat patterns


  • Tobiano
  • Calico tobiano
• The global horse breeding and sales market is a multifaceted and economically significant sector, integral to various cultural, sporting, and recreational activities worldwide
• The economic impact of the global equine industry extends beyond direct sales, influencing sectors like tourism, sporting events, and agricultural development

  
• The annual economic impact of the global equine industry is significant - involving some $300 billion dollars and 1.6 million full-time jobs

  
• The UK has one of the highest quality equine industries in the world, and is internationally recognised as the leading source of equine expertise

  
• Racing is the best attended sport in the UK after football
• In the US, the Equine Industry has a greater economic impact than motion pictures; in Australia, it contributes only 14% less than the livestock industry

  
• The Asian market, particularly in countries like China and Japan, is rapidly expanding due to increased interest in equestrian sports and leisure activities
• The Middle East, notably the UAE, is emerging as a significant player with substantial investments in showjumping, horse racing and breeding
• In 2021, the US was the 6th largest exporter of horses, exporting $291M worth of horses to Japan, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and Ireland

  
• The US also stood as the 3rd largest importer of horses, with imports totaling $694M, primarily from the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Canada, and the UK
• Germany was the 7th largest exporter of horses in 2021, exporting $270M worth of horses; it was also the 13th largest importer, with imports amounting to $59.3M, mainly from Denmark, the Netherlands, the UK, Iceland, and Switzerland
• Global challenges in the horse industry

  • Regulatory complexity related to health certificates, quarantine, and disease control
  • Increasing scrutiny and concerns about animal welfare during transportation and trade
• Global challenges in the horse industry

  • Competition from other sports and entertainment for audience and consumer attention
  • Economic fluctuations impacting horse sales and trade
• Horse production in the Philippines increased from 2011 to 2020, reaching approximately 247.51 thousand heads in 2020

  
• Dapple grey


  With round dark spots on the body, especially on the croup, in the size of small apples
• Flea-bitten grey


  Usually appears when the horse is old, after he went completely grey, it has small dark brown spots that are evenly placed on the surface of the horse's white coat
• Spotted


  White coat covered with small reddish or black spots
• Tobiano pattern


  On a white, non-pigmented coat the horse has spots that seem to be "flowing down" from him, they have smooth edges. White spots can go over the spine and there are various types of spots on the legs. Mane depends on how the spots are formed - in places with white spots, hair is white. Tail is either one- or two-coloured.
• Calico tobiano pattern


  It occurs at horses singly brightened with the Cream gene, apart from the white spots there are also spots "not included" by brightening, namely e.g. bay ones.
• Frame overo pattern


  Coloured jagged spots that seem to form a "frame" around white spots of also jagged edges, that do not go over the spine. Their legs are usually coloured, many variations on the head.

  
• Sabino pattern


  Spots are on the legs, head and belly, their edges are jagged, usually their white hairs are mixed with coloured ones, which resembles roan coat.
• Splash white pattern


  Horses of this coat look like they have walked into white paint - their patches stretch from legs, through belly to the head, sometimes they can appear on almost whole body of the horse, however unlike the sabino horses, they have smooth edges. These horses usually have blue eyes.
• White coat


  White horses have no pigment in their skin, hooves and coat. Their eyes are usually brown, sometimes blue. White coat is usually mistaken with grey one.
• Leopard pattern


  Spotted of the basic coat are scattered on white coat, they appear on the whole body or most of it, the coat around head, neck, sides, belly and groins can be in the basic coat colour or have some white hairs
• Fewspot


  They have only few spots, and characteristic for them are triangle-shaped spots right above hooves
• Speckled pattern


  Similar to leopard - basic coat colour spots on white coat, but they are smaller
• Snowflake pattern


  Horse of basic coat is covered with small white spots of 1-3 cm diameters (the opposite of speckled pattern)
• Varnish pattern


  It looks a bit like leopard, but it has not spotted spots, it applies to the same body areas as leopard, but these areas are of basic coat colour or mixed, the so-called varnish dark spots can appear
• Frosted pattern


  Mixture of coloured and white hair, especially on the croup and loins, as the name suggests it resembles a frosting on a horse
• Rug pattern


  White patch covering mostly the croup and point of hips, but it can reach as far as to the withers
• Gait


  A type of movement in the horse; affecting speed and cadence (4 common gaits: walk, trot, canter, gallop)
• Walk


  1. Right hind leg

  2. Right fore leg

  3. Left hind leg

  4. Left fore leg