V-shaped valley

• In the upper course rivers flow rapidly downhill eroding the landscape vertically.
• Add processes and explanations (4-6 marks)
• As the river erodes downwards the sides are exposed to freeze thaw weathering (Explain)
• When many rocks break off due to freeze thaw weathering the valley sides are steepened.
• The rocks which have fallen off into the river assist with abrasion (explain) this leads to further erosion.
• So the river transports the rocks downstream and the channel becomes wider and deeper which creates a v-shaped valley between interlocking spurs.