Management

• Strategy: Effectiveness is how these flashcards are laid out
• Malaria nets over beds when sleeping: Cheap, stops mosquito biting at night, low technology so can be soaked in permethrin which is harmless to humans but deadly to mosquitos
• Insecticide sprays of chemical (e.g. DDT) to kill mosquitos: Efficient at first but expensive, damaging to local ecosystems, DDT has been linked to higher cancer rates, mosquitos have developed resistance, also expensive for alternative insecticides
• Genetically modify mosquito to stop breeding (sterilising): Very expensive for developing countries, developing countries may not have the technology to do this, concerns about GM, varying legal status of GM around the world
• Draining breeding grounds: Effective as mosquitos can no longer lay larvae on the stagnant water, expensive because people must be paid to do this, impossible to prevent during monsoon/wet season
• Flushing reservoirs every seven days: Takes longer than this for larvae to become mosquitos, a challenge in places where water needs to be stored for dry seasons
• Planting eucalyptus trees to stop pooling of water: Cheap to buy, excellent at absorbing excess soil moisture preventing breeding grounds from forming, however provides a shaded space for mosquitos and can use up farmland areas
• Larvae eating fish: Cheap to buy, placed in paddy fields (or any other area of stagnant water) and clear them of mosquito larvae in 24 hours, fertilisers may kill fish if used in paddy fields, fish may add variety to local diet and are a source of protein
• Putting pepper seeds in paddy fields: Cheap, low technology, pulls eggs to bottom stopping them from hatching, impractical over a national scale
• Spraying oil over stagnant water: Expensive due to oil prices increasing, pollutes local ecosystem
• Anti-malarial tablets (e.g. quinine, chloroquine, lariam and malorene): Expensive (malorene £80 for 2 weeks), most have side effects (malorene has few side effects) , parasite may adapt and become resistant, has to be used on whole populations to work
• Vaccines (e.g. the R21 vaccine): Vaccine is safe and effective in preventing malaria in children and when implemented broadly are expected to have high impact
• R21 vaccine: Cheaper than tablets at $2-$4 USD per dose