CogPsych_L4_Long-term Memory

• It is the system that is responsible for storing information for long periods of time.

  Long-term memory
• It is an archive of information about past events in our lives and knowledge we have learned

  Long-term memory
• It is memory for facts and events, is demonstrated by speaking and arises with conscious recall

  Declarative Knowledge
• Declarative knowledge is sometimes referred to as...

  Explicit memory
• Two main forms of Declarative Memory

  Episodic Memory and Semantic Memory
• It is concerned with personal experiences or events that occurred in a given place at a specific time.

  Episodic Memory
• According to Tuvling, it makes possible mental time travel through subjective time from the present to the past, thus allowing one to re-experience one's own previous experiences.

  Episodic Memory
• It is our store of general knowledge about the world, the people in it, as well as facts about ourselves

  Semantic Memory
• It is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meaning and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations

  Semantic Memory
• Information that you remember unconsciously and effortlessly

  Implicit
• Tulving describes implicit memory as...

  Nonknowing
• These memories are often procedural and focused on the step-by-step processes that must be performed in order to complete a task

  Implicit Memories
• This involves using stimuli like sketches or words to help someone recognize another word or phrase in the future

  Positive priming
• It is a type of positive priming, where the test stimulus is the same as or resembles the priming stimulus

  Repetition Priming
• It occurs when the enhancement caused by the priming stimulus is based on its meaning

  Conceptual priming
• A long-term memory category involving recollection of which a person has not direct conscious awareness

  Procedural Knowledge
• Procedural knowledge can only be demonstrated indirectly through...

  Motor action
• PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE:

  Forms when connections are made between synapses. The more frequently an action is performed, the more often signals are sent through those same synapses. Over time, these synaptic routes become stronger and the actions themselves become unconscious and automatic
• PROCEDURAL MEMORY:

  We can understand the implicit nature of procedural memory from our own experience. We do not remember where or when we learned many of our basic skills; nonetheless, we usually have little trouble doing them
• PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE:

  The implicit nature of procedural memory has been demonstrated in amnesia patients who can master a skill without remembering any of the practice that led to this mastery.
• COGNITIVE PRINCIPLES:

  • Long-term memory is stable--it lasts for years or even a lifetime
  • Long-term memory can be enhanced through retrieval
  • Long-term memory is flexible and not static
  • Long-term memory is fragile and can be prone to interference