CogPsych_L5_Social Cognitive Theory

• It is an extension of social learning theory to include the effects of cognitive processes, such as conceptions, judgment, and motivation, on an individual's behavior and on the environment that influences them

  Social Cognitive Theory
• Who was the proponent of Social Cognitive Theory?

  Albert Bandura
• BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

  The outstanding characteristics of humans is plasticity; that is, humans have the flexibility to learn a variety of behaviors in diverse situations
• BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

  Through a triadic reciprocal causation model that includes behavioral, environmental, and personal factors, people have the capacity to regulate their lives
• BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

  Social cognitive theory takes an agentic perspective, meaning that humans have the capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of their lives
• BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

  People regulate their conduct through both external and internal factors
• BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

  When people find themselves in morally ambiguous situations, they typically attempt to regulate their behavior through moral agency, which includes redefining the behavior, disregarding or distorting the consequences of their behavior, dehumanizing or blaming the victims of their behavior, and displacing or diffusing responsibility for their actions.
• Two kinds of learning

  Observational learning and Enactive learning
• This allows people to learn without performing any behavior

  Observation
• Observational learning is important to social cognitive theory because there is the assumption that they learn through observing the behavior of other people
• It is the core of observational learning

  Modeling
• This involves adding and subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another

  Modeling
• Modeling involves cognitive processes and is not simply mimicry or imitation
• The Bobo Doll Experiment is one of the origins of Observational Learning
• PROCESS OF GOVERNING OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING:

  Attention --> Retention --> Motor Reproduction --> Motivation
• Attention = Stimuli Focus
• Retention = Rehearse Encode
• Motor Reproduction = Practice Feedback
• Motivation = Reward Reinforce
• PROCESSES GOVERNNG OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING:

  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Motor Reproduction
  • Motivation
• What is the factor that determine whether one will pay attention to a particular model or not?

  Attention
• What is needed in order for observation to lead to new response patterns, and those must be symbolically represented in memory?

  Retention
• This is the state where an individual must be able (have the ability and skills) to physically reproduce the observed behavior

  Motor Reproduction
• This can come from a variety of sources, such as a desire to achieve a goal or avoid punishment

  Motivation
• This allows people to acquire new patterns of complex behavior through direct experience by thinking about and evaluating the consequences of their behaviors

  Enactive learning
• This learning process allows people to have some degree of control over the events that shape the course of their lives

  Enactive learning
• FEATURES OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY:

  This is the central concept of Social Cognitive Theory

  Reciprocal Determinism
• FEATURES OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY:

  Refers to the dynamic and reciprocal interaction of people, environment, and behavior

  Reciprocal Determinism
• FEATURES OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY:

  The main tenet of Reciprocal Determinism is that people seek to develop a sense of agency and exert control over the important events in their lives
• This refers to a person's ability to perform a behavior by means of using their own knowledge and skills

  Behavioral Capability
• This refers to the internal or external responses to a person's behavior that affect the likelihood of continuing or discontinuing the behavior

  Reinforcements
• Reinforcements can be:

  • Can be self-initiated or in one' environment
  • Can be positive or negative
  • Can be direct or indirect
• This refers to the anticipated consequences that a person has of their behavior

  Expectations
• Two kinds of self-efficacy

  Proxy Agency and Collective Efficacy
• This is people's beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events

  Self-efficacy
• TRUE OR FALSE:

  Self-efficacy is not the expectation of our action's outcomes

  True
• Although self-efficacy has a powerful causal influence on people's actions, it is not the sole determinant. Rather, self-efficacy combines with environment, prior behavior, and other personal variables especially outcome expectations to produce behavior
• This is when people can do and exercise a measure of control over their lives

  Human Agency
• This involves indirect control over those social conditions that affect everyday living


  Proxy Agency
• This occurs when people have the capacity to rely on others for goods and services

  Proxy Agency