Chapter 23-25 vocabulary

• "Long Telegram"


  Gave rise to the policy of containment-keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions. (Truman)
• "Iron Curtain"


  Metaphor for the extreme political and ideological division that separated W. Europe and the USSR and its satellite states in the east
• Truman Doctrine


  Established that the US would give political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under the threat of external or internal authoritarian forces
• Marshall Plan


  US sponsored program designed to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern European countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive in the aftermath of WWII, European Recovery Program
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)


  1947, minimized barriers to international trade by eliminating or reducing tariffs, quotas, and subsidies, wanted to boost economic recovery after WWII
• Berlin Blockade


  June 24, 1948- May 12, 1949, cut off all land and river transit between W. Berlin and W. Germany, Allies responded with massive airlift to aid
• Berlin Airlift


  June 24, 1948, US and Britain airlifted food and fuel to Berlin from Allied airbases in W. Germany
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)


  1949, security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe, goal to safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means
• Warsaw Pact


  Collective defence treaty made by the USSR and seven other soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe
• NSC-68


  Top secret paper that stressed the need for military buildup in response to soviet nuclear weapon buildup
• Korean War


  1950-53, first hot war of the Cold War, North Koreans invaded South Korea before meeting a counter-offensive by UN nations, symbol of global struggle between east and west, Korea was split by the 38th parallel
• 38th parallel


  Dividing line between North and South Korean, between communists and UN forces
• McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950

  Required associations with the govt. considered Communist to register with the govt. and submit information about membership, finances, and activities
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights


  Document that acts like a global road map for freedom and equality, protecting the rights of every individual (1948)
• The "Fair Deal"


  Set of proposals by Truman in 1945, characterized by the entire domestic agenda of the Truman administration, higher minimum wages, housing, and full employment
• "Operation Dixie"


  Failed attempt by the CIO to unionize southern textile and steel workers
• Taft-Hartley Act


  Condemned by labor leaders as a slave labor law, outlawed the closed shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a non-communist oath
• Jackie Robinson


  First African-American baseball player in major league baseball, helped bring opportunities for other African-Americans
• "Dixiecrats"


  Conservative southern democrats who objected to Truman's strong push for civil-rights legislations
• McCarthyism


  A brand of vitriolic, fear-mongering anti-communism associated with the career of Senator McCarthy, Second red scare, political repression and persecution of individuals and campaign spreading fear of alleged communist and soviet influence on American institutions(1940s-50s)
• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)


  Investigative committee which investigated what is considered un-American propaganda, investigated communist influence inside and outside US govt. after WWII
• The Hollywood Ten


  10 Hollywood directors accused of being communists
• Alger Hiss


  Former department official who was accused of being a communist spy, convicted of perjury
• The Julius and Ethel Rosenberg case


  June 1953, executed for conspiracy to commit espionage under the US espionage act of 1917
• Dennis v. United States


  June 4, 1951, verdict that Dennis(Secretary of the Communist Party USA) did not have the right under the 1st amendment to exercise free speech, publication and assembly if the exercise involved the creation of a plot to overthrow the government
• J. Edgar Hoover


  Founded the FBI, highly regarded, spanned in the Great Depression, WWII, Korean War, Cold War, and Vietnam War
• McCarran-Walter Act of 1952


  Immigration and Nationality Act, upheld the national origins quota system created by the Immigration Act of 1924, ended the blanket exclusion of immigrants based of race but imposed quota system and new ideological grounds for exclusion
• "Golden Age" of Capitalism


  Period of economic expansion, stable prices, low unemployment and rising standards of living
• Levittown


  Utilized mass production techniques to build inexpensive homes in suburban NY to relieve post war housing shortage; became symbol of movement to suburbs; conformity of housed; diverse communities; home for lower-middle class families
• Housing Act of 1949


  Landmark, sweeping expansion of the federal role in mortgage insurance and issuance and the construction of public housing
• "Libertarian" Conservatives


  Advocates the greatest possible economic liberty and least possible govt. regulation of social life, mirroring laissez-faire classical liberalism, but harnesses this to a belief in a more socially conservative philosophy emphasizing authority, morality, and duty
• Eisenhower's Modern Republicanism


  Approach to governing championed by Eisenhower during his administration, advocated for a balanced budget, limited govt. intervention in economic affairs but accepted social welfare programs established by New Deal legislation
• AFL-CIO


  Federation of unions, formed by the merger of the AFL and CIO in 1955, improved the life of working people, national trade union center
• Sputnik


  Each of a series of Soviet artificial satellites, first of which launched on Oct. 4, 1957, was the first satellite to be placed in orbit
• National Defense Education Act


  US federal legislation passed by Congress and signed by Eisenhower in Sept. 2, 1958, that provided funding to improve American schools and promote postsecondary education
• Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D.)


  Result of extreme tension and fear during Cold War, assumes that the opposition has enough nuclear power to destroy their side and if attacked, either side would respond in equal or greater force, leading to total destruction
• 1. 2 Spy Plane incident


  Confrontation between the US and Soviet Union that began with the shooting down of a US U-2 reconnaissance plane over the USSR in 1960 and that caused the collapse of a summit conference in Paris between the US, USSR, UK, and France
• Eisenhower Doctrine


  A Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from US military forced if it was being threatened by armed aggression
• The Beats


  Group of young poets, writers, and artists who wrote harsh critiques of what they considered the sterility and conformity of American life, the meaninglessness of American politics, and the banality of popular culture; visible evidence of widespread restlessness
• League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)


  Founded in 1929, the oldest and most widely recognized Hispanic civil rights organization in the US