micpar lec

• Gonorrhea


  A bacterial infection spread through sexual contact that causes inflammation of the genitals
• Gonorrhea


  • Causative agent: Bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Incubation period: 2-14 days (average 3-7 days)
  • Mode of transmission: Sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) with an infected person
• Non-gonorrheal urethritis (NGU)


  Inflammation of the urethra caused by various organisms, often mistaken for gonorrhea due to similar symptoms
• Non-gonorrheal urethritis (NGU)


  • Causative agent: Various bacteria, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and others. Viruses and parasites can also cause NGU.
  • Incubation period: Varies depending on the cause, but typically 1-3 weeks.
  • Mode of transmission: Sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) with an infected person
• Syphilis


  A bacterial infection spread through sexual contact that progresses through distinct stages if left untreated, causing damage to various organs.
• Syphilis


  • Causative agent: Bacteria called Treponema pallidum
  • Incubation period: 10-90 days (average 3 weeks)
  • Mode of transmission: Sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) with an infected person. Syphilis can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy.
• Vaginosis


  An imbalance of vaginal bacteria that causes discharge and odor, but is not an infection and not sexually transmitted.
• Vaginosis


  • Causative agent: Not caused by a single infectious agent, but by an imbalance of normal vaginal bacteria. Lactobacillus bacteria normally make up most of the vaginal flora, but in bacterial vaginosis, there is an overgrowth of other types of bacteria.
  • Incubation period: Not applicable
  • Mode of transmission: Not a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
• HIV/AIDS


  HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the body's immune system, gradually weakening its ability to fight infections and some types of cancer. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection.
• HIV/AIDS


  • Causative Agent: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Incubation Period: Varies, but typically 2-6 weeks. Some people may not experience any symptoms for 10 years or longer.
  • Mode of Transmission: Unprotected sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral) with an infected person, Sharing needles or syringes with an infected person, From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
• Genital warts


  Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), these are soft, cauliflower-shaped growths that appear on the genitals.
• Genital warts


  • Causative Agent: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), particularly certain strains
  • Incubation Period: Weeks to months after exposure
  • Mode of Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity (vaginal, anal, oral) with someone who has genital warts, even if there are no visible warts present.
• Herpes


  Herpes simplex virus (HSV), known as herpes, is a common infection that can cause painful blisters or ulcers.
• Herpes


  • Causative Agent: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) - There are two main types: HSV-1 (usually causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth) and HSV-2 (usually causes genital herpes)
  • Incubation Period: Varies, but typically 2-12 days after exposure.
  • Mode of Transmission: Skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity (vaginal, anal, oral) with someone who has herpes, even if there is no outbreak present. The virus can be transmitted from infected genitals, mouth, or skin.
• Candidiasis


  This is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast fungus called Candida albicans, which normally lives in small amounts in the body. It can affect various areas like the mouth (thrush), vagina (yeast infection), or diaper area (diaper rash).
• Candidiasis


  • Causative Agent: Candida albicans (a fungus) - This is a type of yeast that normally lives in small amounts in the mouth, throat, intestines, and vagina. However, an overgrowth of Candida can cause infection.
  • Incubation Period: Not applicable. Candidiasis can develop rapidly once there's an overgrowth of the fungus.
  • Mode of Transmission: Not usually considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) although sexual contact can sometimes contribute to overgrowth. Candida can be spread through contact with infected mucous membranes or contaminated surfaces.
• Fluid from a sore is taken and tested for the virus, or a blood test is done to detect the presence of herpes antibodies
• Antiviral medications


  The mainstay of treatment for herpes outbreaks. They cannot cure the infection but can shorten the duration and severity of outbreaks and reduce the risk of transmission to others. These medications are most effective when taken at the first sign of an outbreak.
• Candidiasis


  An overgrowth of a yeast fungus called Candida albicans, which normally lives in small amounts in the body. It can affect various areas like the mouth (thrush), vagina (yeast infection), or diaper area (diaper rash).
• Causative Agent: Candida albicans


  A fungus, a type of yeast that normally lives in small amounts in the mouth, throat, intestines, and vagina. However, an overgrowth of Candida can cause infection.
• Incubation Period: Candidiasis


  Not applicable. Candidiasis can develop rapidly once there's an overgrowth of the fungus.
• Mode of Transmission: Candidiasis

  Not usually considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) although sexual contact can sometimes contribute to overgrowth. Candida can be spread through contact with infected mucous membranes or contaminated surfaces.
• Candidiasis symptoms


  • Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection): Itching, burning sensation in the vagina and vulva, redness, irritation, thick white discharge (may resemble cottage cheese)
  • Oral candidiasis (thrush): White patches on the tongue and inner cheeks, loss of taste, sore mouth
  • Candidal diaper rash: Redness, irritation, and small pustules on the buttocks and genitals in babies
• Prevention of Candidiasis


  • There is no vaccine for candidiasis.
  • Maintaining a healthy balance of vaginal flora (good bacteria) can help prevent overgrowth. This can be achieved by: Avoiding douching, wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing for ventilation, practicing good hygiene but avoiding harsh soaps or scented products in the genital area, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle to support a healthy immune system, if taking antibiotics, talk to your doctor about taking probiotics to help restore gut flora balance.
• Diagnosis of Candidiasis


  A doctor can often diagnose candidiasis based on symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, a swab test may be taken from the affected area to confirm the presence of Candida albicans.
• Treatment of Candidiasis


  Antifungal medications are typically used. These can be administered in various forms, such as creams, ointments, tablets, or suppositories, depending on the location of the infection. Maintaining good hygiene practices and addressing any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to overgrowth can help prevent recurrence.
• Tinea cruris


  A fungal infection caused by Dermatophytes. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments and cause an itchy, red, scaly rash in the groin area, inner thighs, and buttocks. It's not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) but can be spread through skin-to-skin contact or contaminated objects.
• Causative Agent: Tinea cruris

  Dermatophytes (fungi) - These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments.
• Incubation Period: Tinea cruris


  Varies, but typically 1-4 weeks after exposure.
• Mode of Transmission: Tinea cruris


  Not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) although skin-to-skin contact with an infected person can spread it. Sharing contaminated towels or clothing can also transmit the fungus.
• Tinea cruris symptoms


  • Itchy, red, scaly rash in the groin area, inner thighs, buttocks
  • The rash may have a raised border with a clearer center
  • Burning sensation, especially after sweating or exercise
• Prevention of Tinea cruris

  • There is no vaccine for tinea cruris. Keeping the groin area dry and cool can help prevent fungal growth. This includes: Wearing loose-fitting, cotton underwear and clothing, avoiding tight-fitting pants, especially after sweating, drying the groin area thoroughly after showering or bathing, changing out of sweaty clothes promptly.
• Diagnosis of Tinea cruris

  A doctor can usually diagnose tinea cruris based on the appearance of the rash and your symptoms. In some cases, a skin scraping may be taken to confirm the presence of fungus under a microscope.
• Treatment of Tinea cruris


  Antifungal creams, ointments, or sprays are typically used. These medications are applied directly to the affected area for a prescribed duration. Maintaining good hygiene practices and preventing moisture buildup in the groin area can help prevent recurrence.
• Trichomoniasis


  A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a microscopic parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.
• Causative Agent: Trichomoniasis


  Trichomonas vaginalis (parasite)
• Incubation Period: Trichomoniasis


  1. 28 days (average 7 days)
• Mode of Transmission: Trichomoniasis

  Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone infected with Trichomonas vaginalis.
• Trichomoniasis symptoms


  • Women: Greenish-yellow, frothy vaginal discharge with a fishy odor, burning sensation during urination or intercourse, genital itching or redness, pain in the lower abdomen (less common)
  • Men: May have no symptoms or mild symptoms such as burning sensation during urination or itching in the urethra.
• Prevention of Trichomoniasis


  • There is no vaccine available. The most effective way to prevent Trichomoniasis is to practice safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly during vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Having a monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is negative for STIs also reduces the risk.