Chapter 10 PGH

• WHO definition of Global Health Security

  The activities required, both proactive and reactive, to minimize the danger and impact of acute public health events that endanger people's health across geographical regions and international boundaries
• Global Health Security


  • Proactive
  • Reactive
  • Minimize danger and impact
• Consequences of Global Health insecurity (aka 'fallout' from COVID-19 pandemic)

  • Diseases and Death
  • Economic Losses
  • Social instability-insecurity
  • Trade and Travel disrupted
  • Health and Public health resources strained
  • Families and Communities
• Categories for the Global Health Agenda

  • Prevention
  • Detection
  • Response
• Number of targets to assess the Global Health Agenda categories
• Before COVID – USA ranked #1 in World for Preparedness, but COVID-19 has exposed room for improvement
• Evolving challenges and complications of Health Security

  • Population growth
  • Rapid unplanned urbanization
  • Antibiotics misused
  • Globalized world
  • Trust or lack of trust
• Vector for transmitting malaria to humans

  Anopheles mosquitos are carriers can't transmit person to person
• Most deadly species of plasmodium

  Plasmodium falciparum
• Where is Plasmodium falciparum most common
• "Best Practices" for reducing malaria

  • Prevent Bites and resistance: standing water, protective clothing, bed nets, repellents
  • Treat people: preventing transmission to another person
• Developing hopes for possibly eliminating malaria globally

  • Genetically modified mosquitos
  • Malaria Vaccine
• AMR-TB


  Anti-Microbial Resistance – Resistant to first line drug
• MDR-TB


  Multi-drug resistant- resistant to several first line drugs
• XDR-TB


  Extremely Drug Resistant – Resistant to most or all of the available drugs
• Co-morbidity in the 1980's that facilitated a re-emergence of TB in wealthy countries
• What causes antibiotic resistance, and why is TB so commonly resistant
• Endemic


  Common constant, relatively low spread; i.e flu, malaria
• Epidemic


  A localized sudden increase; i.e Ebola in West Africa 2014 15; aka 'outbreaks'
• Pandemic


  Sudden multinational-global increase of any infection; i.e COVID-19
• Novel (Emerging)


  A new emergent strain not previously identified, with little to public no immunity; i.e COVID-19
• In September 2021, how 'deadly' was COVID-19 in the USA