my own

• Client-centered


  Label used in reference to Rogers's therapy
• Person-centered


  More inclusive term to refer to Rogerian personality theory
• Formative tendency


  Rogers (1978, 1980) believed that there is a tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
• Actualizing tendency


  Interrelated and more pertinent assumption or the tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials. This tendency is the only motive people possess.
• Need for maintenance


  Includes such basic needs as food, air, and safety; but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo
• Enhancement


  Need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth
• Organismic valuing process


  Draws the person toward experiences that produce growth and away from those that inhibit growth
• Self-actualizing person


  In touch with the inner experience that is inherently growth producing. It is a subconscious guide that evaluates experience for its growth potential.
• Self-actualization


  Subset of the actualization tendency and is therefore not synonymous with it
• Self subsystems postulated by Rogers

  • Self-concept
  • Ideal-self
• Self-concept


  Includes all those aspects of one's being and one's experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual
• Experiences inconsistent with self-concept


  Denied or accepted only in distorted form
• Ideal self


  One's view of self as one wishes to be
• Incongruence


  Wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates an unhealthy personality
• Awareness


  Symbolic representation (not necessarily in verbal symbols) of some portion of our experience
• Rogers (1959) used the term 'awareness' synonymously with both consciousness and symbolization
• Levels of awareness


  • Some events are experienced below the threshold of awareness and are either ignored or denied
  • Some experiences are accurately symbolized and freely admitted to the self-structure
  • Experiences that are perceived in a distorted form
• Processes to becoming a person

  1. An individual must make contact positive or negative with other people

  2. The person needs to be loved and accepted by another person

  3. Positive regard is a prerequisite for positive self-regard
• Conditions of worth


  Instead of receiving unconditional positive regard, most people receive conditional positive regard
• External evaluation


  Our perceptions of other people's view of us. These evaluations, whether positive or negative, do not foster psychological health but, rather, prevent us from being completely open to our own experiences.
• Psychological disequilibrium


  Begins when we fail to recognize our organismic experiences as self-experiences
• Defensiveness


  Protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it
• Chief defenses


  • Distortion
  • Denial
• Distortion


  We misinterpret an experience in order to fit it into some aspect of our self-concept. We perceive the experience in awareness, but we fail to understand its true meaning.
• Denial


  We refuse to perceive an experience in awareness, or at least we keep some aspects of it from reaching symbolization.
• People sometimes behave consistently
• Disorganization


  State of being with their organismic experience and sometimes in accordance with their shattered self-concept
• Psychotherapy


  Client-centered therapy is deceptively simple in statement but decidedly difficult in practice
• Congruence


  Exists when a person's organismic experiences are matched by an awareness of them and by an ability and willingness to openly express these feelings
• Positive regard


  Need to be liked, prized, or accepted by another person
• Unconditional positive regard


  Positive regard that exists without any conditions or qualifications
• Empathic listening


  Third necessary and sufficient condition of psychological growth