ZOO LAB & LEC

• • Pick up the mouse by the base of the tail
  • Place mouse quickly on the other hand or in the wire mesh. Do not suspend mouse by the tail for prolonged periods of time

  Tail Base Method
• Pick up the mouse by the base of the tail

  Injuries (Degloving, Fracture)
• Place mouse quickly on the other hand or in the wire mesh. Do not suspend mouse by the tail for prolonged periods of time

  Stress
• • Restrain mouse near the base of the tail with your dominant hand
  • Grasp the skin at the back of the neck with the non-dominant hand
  • Place tail between fingers to secure and control the animal

  Scruff Method
• ◦ Use a rubber-tipped forceps

  ◦ Gently grasp the animal by the scruff of the neck or base of the tail

  ◦ Forceps should be dipped in disinfectant between cages

  ◦ Use only for short-term procedures

  Forceps Method
• • Restrain mouse using the scruff method
  • Place mouse head into the opening of the restrainer
  • Release grip on the neck while holding onto the tail
  • Place the securing block in the appropriate slot

  Mechanical Restrainer
• ◦ Restrain mouse using tail base method

  ◦ Gently but firmly, pull the mouse into the restrainer

  ◦ Place securing block close to the head

  Note: Ensure that the mouse has adequate space to breathe

  4b Mechanical Restrainer
• ◦ Must be done under anesthesia

  ◦ Clip hair on the back and prepare area by swabbing with alcohol

  INJECTION TECHNIQUES: Intradermal
• in Intradermal Injection Technique, insert needle between layers of skin on the back at 30 degrees angle
• n Intradermal Injection Technique, Administer article slowly. Successful injection results in the formation of bleb.
• ◦ Restrain mouse by scruff method

  ◦ Prepare injection site by swabbing with alcohol

  ◦ Make a tent on the skin at the back of the neck using your thumb and forefinger

  Subcutaneous (Scruff Method)
• Aspirate syringe to ensure proper placement (vacuum created). Any signs of blood means incorrect placement

  Subcutaneous Scruff Method
• ◦ Place the mouse at the center of the towel and fold it over the mouse. Leave tail area exposed.

  ◦ Restrain the front two-thirds of the mouse with the palm of your non-dominant hand.

  ◦ Prepare injection site by swabbing with alcohol

  Subcutaneous Towel Method
• ◦ Make a tent on the skin over the hind quarters using the thumb and forefinger

  ◦Insert needle at the base of the skin fold between thumb and forefinger

  ◦Aspirate syringe to ensure proper placement (vacuum created). Any signs of blood means incorrect placement- reposition needle

  Subcutaneous Towel Method
• ◦Anesthetized the mouse

  ◦ Position the mouse sideways exposing the flank

  ◦ Prepare injection site by swabbing with alcohol

  ◦ Make a tent on the skin on the flank area using your thumb and forefinger

  Subcutaneous Anesthesia Method
• • Insert needle at the base of the skin fold between thumb and forefinger

  • Aspirate syringe to ensure proper placement (vacuum created). Any signs of blood means incorrect placement- reposition needle.

  Subcutaneous Anaesthesia Method
• ◦ Restrain the mouse by scruff method

  ◦ Position the mouse in such a way that the abdomen is facing you and the head of the mouse is lower than its body.

  Intra-peritoneal
• ◦ Divide the abdomen into 4 quadrants

  ◦ Quadrant 3 is the best area for IP injection

  ◦ Prepare injection site by swabbing with alcohol

  Intra-peritoneal
• ◦Insert the needle halfway between the midline and where the leg attaches the body at 30 degrees angle

  ◦Aspirate syringe to ensure proper placement. Any signs of blood/green or yellow fluid means incorrect placement- reposition needle

  ◦Administer article in a steady, fluid, motion

  Intra-peritoneal
• • Restrain the mouse by scruff method or anesthesia

  • Swab the caudal thigh or quadriceps muscle with alcohol and insert needle

  • Aspirate syringe to ensure proper placement

  • Administer article in a steady, fluid motion • Do not administer the article rapidly because of tissue trauma

  Intramuscular
• ◦ Restrain the mouse using a mechanical restrainer or by anesthesia

  ◦ Prepare tail by swabbing with alcohol

  ◦Injection should always start off closer to the tip of the tail

  ◦ Holding the tail in position, insert needle parallel to the vein

  Intravenous
• ◦Ensure proper needle placement by inserting it at least 3mm into the lumen of the vein

  ◦Administer article in a slow, fluid motion to avoid rupturing the vessel

  ◦If solution leaks to surrounding tissue or if bleb forms, remove needle and re-insert slightly higher on the vein

  Intravenous
• BLOOD COLLECTION TECNIQUES

  ◦Orbital bleeds must be done under anesthesia ◦Anesthetized mouse must be checked for absence of pedal reflex

  Orbital Sinus
• ◦ Position the mouse in the table in lateral recumbency

  ◦ Place a hematocrit tube at the medial canthus of the eye

  Orbital Sinus
• ◦ Gently rotate and advance the tube through the membrane

  ◦ Continue rotating the tube until blood flows into the tube

  Orbital Sinus
• ◦ Transfer blood in appropriate vessel

  ◦ Hold the eyelids closed and apply gentle pressure using a gauze

  Orbital Sinus
• ◦ Restrain the mouse using a mechanical restrainer or anesthesia

  ◦ Prepare tail by swabbing with alcohol

  Lateral Tail Vein
• • Holding the tail in position, insert needle approximately parallel to the vein

  • Ensure proper placement by inserting needle at least 3mm into the lumen of the vein

  Lateral Tail Vein
• ◦ Place hematocrit tube into needle bulb. Alternatively, remove the needle and let the blood flow into the collection tube

  ◦Apply gentle pressure over the collection using a dry gauze until bleeding stops

  Lateral Tail Vein
• • Restrain the mouse using scruff method

  • Locate the hairless freckle on the side of the jaw

  Facial Vein
• Facial Vein

  • Prick the freckle with a sharp lancet

  • Collect blood in appropriate vessel

  • Apply pressure on the site of collection until bleeding stops
• Intracardiac:

  ◦ Must be done under anesthesia

  ◦Anesthetized mouse must be checked for absence of pedal reflex

  ◦ Position the mouse in the table in dorsal recumbency

  ◦ Prepare area by swabbing with alcohol
• Intracardiac:

  ◦Insert needle at the base of sternum at 15-20 degrees angle just lateral of the midline ◦Aspirate slowly to prevent the heart from collapsing

  ◦This procedure must be followed by euthanasia
• is the study of the relationships of organisms to their environment and to other

  Ecology
• why animals live in certain places, why they eat certain foods and why they interact with other animals

  Ecology
• How human activities can harm animal populations and what we must do to preserve animal

  Ecology
• A habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism liv
• Living thing

  biotic
• Nonliving


  abiotic
• includes all (living)biotic and (nonliving)abiotic characteristics of the area in which the animals live

  habitat