LESSON 2: PROJECT PLANNING

• Three phases of the planning process

  Preparatory Phase

  Planning Phase

  Output
• Two objects of the planning process

  Planning for the programs and services

  Planning for projects
• One single output

  A consolidated health program plan
• A community assessment is an exercise by which a

  collaborative partnership gathers information on

  the current strengths, concerns, and conditions

  of children, families, and the community.
• COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

  The information comes from many sources

  especially parents and family members- and is

  elicited by many techniques, including interviews,

  focus groups, and scanning demographic data

  collected by local agencies.
• COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

  focus on local assets (community), resources, and activities as well as gaps, barriers, or emerging needs that has been

  identified. The process of identifying and appraising

  this information will help your collaborative

  partnership.
• scanning the community to locate existing

  information,
• developing a family focus,
• identifying community assets and the degree to

  which they are accessible to the people who can

  benefit from them, and
• analyzing the information obtained through the first

  three steps.
• PROGRAM


  Program (collection) a series

  of coordinated related multiple

  projects that continue over

  extended time intended to

  achieve a goal.
• PROGRAM


  is comprised of multiple

  projects and is created to

  obtain broad organizational

  or technical objectives.
• PROJECT


  Has an established and

  specific objective
• PROJECT


  Has a defined life span

  with a beginning and an

  end
• PROJECT


  Usually the involvement of

  several departments and

  professionals.
• PROJECT


  Has specific time ,cost

  performance

  requirements
• PROGRAM consists of interrelated projects.
• PROJECTS focused on specific objectives.
• NEEDS ASSESSMENT


  Clarifying need is an essential part of deciding what

  issue or problem the project will address.
• ‘needs assessment’


  is used to describe a process of collecting information that will give a good indication of the priority needs of a community.
• NEEDS ASSESSMENT


  provides an opportunity for the community to

  become involved in the planning from the

  beginning.
• NEEDS ASSESSMENT


  It helps with allocating resources and making

  decisions about where to start with health promotion

  work.
• CLASSIFYING NEEDS


  When undertaking a needs assessment, it is

  important to consider that needs will be thought

  of differently, depending on whom you consult.
• SHARING INFORMATION FROM THE NEEDS

  ASSESSMENT

  Raise community awareness about the

  issues and possible underlying causes.
• SHARING INFORMATION FROM THE NEEDS

  ASSESSMENT

  Allows the community to be involved in

  planning and decision-making about the

  project.
• SHARING INFORMATION FROM THE NEEDS

  ASSESSMENT


  Stimulate discussion about ways to address

  the issues.
• Baseline data describe the situation or condition

  at the time the project or intervention starts.
• CONSIDER BASELINE DATA


  Data collected later during the evaluation is then

  compared against the baseline data to see the

  effect of the project.
• A root cause analysis is a class of problem

  solving methods aimed at identifying the root

  causes of the problems or events instead of simply

  addressing the obvious symptoms.
• ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS The aim is to improve the quality of the products by using systematic ways in order to be effective (Bowen,
• ASK WHY 5 TIMES can be quite useful for getting to the

  underlying causes of a problem. By identifying the

  problem, and then asking "why" five times - getting

  progressively deeper into the problem, the root

  cause can be strategically identified and tackled.
• The failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a

  technique which is aimed to find various modes for

  failure within a system.
• FMEA is often performed and updated any time a

  new product or process is generated, when

  changes are made to current conditions, or to the

  design, when new regulations occur, or when there

  is a problem determined through customer feedback.
• FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) Uses boolean logic to determine the root causes of an undesirable event. This technique is usually used

  in risk analysis and safety analysis. At the top of

  the fault tree, the undesirable result is listed. From

  this event, all potential causes tree down from it.

  Each potential cause is listed on the diagram in the

  shape of an upside down tree.
• CURRENT REALITY TREE (CRT) analyzes a system at once. It

  would be used when many problems exist and you

  want to get to the root causes of all the problems.
• The first step in creating a current reality tree is listing

  all of the undesirables or problems. Then begin a

  chart starting with each of those problems using

  causal language (if...and...then). The tree will depict

  each potential cause for a problem.
• Eventually, the tree will show one cause that is linked

  to all four problems.
• The Kepner-Tregoe technique, also known as

  rational process, is intended to break a problem

  down to its root cause.
• One final technique used in root cause analyses is

  the RPR Problem diagnosis. RPR stands for

  "Rapid Problem Resolution" and it deals with

  diagnosing the causes of recurrent problems.
• Discover - team members gather data and

  analyze their findings.